Körner Christof, Gilchrist Iain D
Institut für Psychologie, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2007 Oct;14(5):846-51. doi: 10.3758/bf03194110.
Visual search often involves searching the same environment, consecutively, for a number of different targets. Here we investigate the extent to which search benefits from such previous exposure. In the experiment participants searched the same display consecutively for two different targets. Manual responses were faster in the second search than the first search regardless of whether a target was present or absent in the second search. Eye movement recordings demonstrated that the time necessary to find a target letter in the second search depended on when that letter was last fixated in the previous search. This fixation recency effect lasted for about four fixations. In addition, when a target was absent during the second search, participants were less likely to refixate a distractor if it had been recently fixated in the previous search and refixations tended to also occur later on in the search. These results provide evidence for a limited capacity short-term memory store in this kind of visual search.
视觉搜索通常涉及连续在同一环境中搜索多个不同目标。在此，我们研究搜索从这种先前暴露中获益的程度。在实验中，参与者连续在同一显示中搜索两个不同目标。无论第二次搜索中是否存在目标，手动反应在第二次搜索中都比第一次搜索更快。眼动记录表明，在第二次搜索中找到目标字母所需的时间取决于该字母在前一次搜索中最后一次被注视的时间。这种注视新近效应持续约四次注视。此外，当第二次搜索中没有目标时，如果干扰项在前一次搜索中最近被注视过，参与者重新注视它的可能性较小，并且重新注视也往往发生在搜索后期。这些结果为这种视觉搜索中存在容量有限的短期记忆存储提供了证据。
