Gruskin Sofia, Ferguson Laura, Bogecho Dina O
Program on International Health and Human Rights, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
AIDS. 2007 Oct;21 Suppl 5:S13-9. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000298098.71861.1a.
Human rights analyses, concepts, and in particular rhetoric have played a consistent role in the global response to HIV for over two decades. Despite the longstanding recognition of human rights as essential to an effective response, recent global guidance, particularly with respect to the implementation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) scale-up efforts, falls short of meaningfully incorporating human rights norms and concepts. Applying human rights to ART scale-up draws attention to who is gaining access to ART, how they are gaining access, and over what period of time, not just how many people gain access. Deliberate consideration of the human rights principles of the interdependence of rights (including attention to the legal and policy environment), participation, non-discrimination, accountability, and key aspects of the right to health can help to identify and overcome some of the challenges to increasing and sustaining access to treatment and needed services, as well as to promote accountability and transparency for what is done and how it is done. Whereas a need remains to document evidence of the ways in which a lack of attention to human rights negatively influences the long-term outcomes of scale-up programmes, this paper focuses on the positive role human rights can play in ART scale-up efforts, and offers suggestions for research and action moving forward.
二十多年来，人权分析、概念，尤其是人权言论在全球应对艾滋病病毒的行动中一直发挥着作用。尽管长期以来人们都认识到人权对于有效应对至关重要，但近期的全球指导意见，尤其是在扩大抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）规模的实施方面，在切实纳入人权规范和概念方面做得不够。将人权应用于扩大ART规模，关注的是谁能够获得ART、他们如何获得以及在多长时间内获得，而不仅仅是有多少人能够获得。对权利相互依存（包括关注法律和政策环境）、参与、不歧视、问责以及健康权关键方面等人权原则进行审慎思考，有助于识别并克服在增加和维持治疗及所需服务可及性方面的一些挑战，同时促进对所做之事及其方式的问责和透明度。虽然仍有必要记录缺乏对人权的关注如何对扩大规模项目的长期成果产生负面影响的证据，但本文重点关注人权在扩大ART规模努力中可发挥的积极作用，并为未来的研究和行动提供建议。
