Gruskin Sofia, Tarantola Daniel
Program on International Health and Human Rights, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
AIDS. 2008 Aug;22 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S123-32. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000327444.51408.21.
Rhetorical acknowledgment of the value of human rights for the AIDS response continues, yet practical application of human rights principles to national efforts appears to be increasingly deficient. We assess the ways in which international and national strategic plans and other core documents take into account the commitments made by countries to uphold human rights in their efforts towards achieving Universal Access. Key documents from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS), the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Bank, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria (GFATM) and the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) were reviewed along with 14 national HIV strategic plans chosen for their illustration of the diversity of HIV epidemic patterns, levels of income and geographical location. Whereas human rights concepts overwhelmingly appeared in both international and national strategic documents, their translation into actionable terms or monitoring frameworks was weak, unspecific or absent. Future work should analyse strategic plans, plans of operation, budgets and actual implementation so that full advantage can be taken, not only of the moral and legal value of human rights, but also their instrumental value for achieving Universal Access.
对人权在应对艾滋病方面价值的口头上认可仍在继续，但将人权原则实际应用于国家行动的情况似乎越来越不足。我们评估国际和国家战略计划及其他核心文件在国家为实现普遍可及性而做出的维护人权承诺方面的考量方式。对联合国艾滋病毒/艾滋病联合规划署（UNAIDS）、世界卫生组织（WHO）、世界银行、全球抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾基金（GFATM）以及美国总统艾滋病紧急救援计划（PEPFAR）的关键文件进行了审查，并选取了14份国家艾滋病毒战略计划，这些计划体现了艾滋病毒流行模式、收入水平和地理位置的多样性。虽然人权概念在国际和国家战略文件中普遍出现，但其转化为可操作条款或监测框架的情况薄弱、不具体或根本没有。未来的工作应分析战略计划、行动计划、预算和实际执行情况，以便不仅能充分利用人权的道德和法律价值，还能利用其对实现普遍可及性的工具价值。
