Lee Marc J, Chow Kira
Department of Radiology, Saint Joseph Medical Center, Burbank, California 90404, USA.
Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2007 Jun;11(2):137-48. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1001879.
Ultrasound of the knee is best suited for the evaluation of tendons, fluid collections and effusion, synovitis, periarticular soft tissue masses, muscles, and the collateral ligaments. Advantages of sonographic evaluation include the lack of ionizing radiation, the noninvasive nature of the examination, focused evaluation correlated with the specific site of pain, multiplanar capability, and utility in patients for whom magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is contraindicated. The ability to visualize the microanatomy of tendons, ligaments, nerves, and muscles is also an advantage over MRI. Moreover, ultrasound is generally readily accessible and of lower cost than MRI. Ultrasound is less suited for the evaluation of internal derangement. Certain structures that are exquisitely evaluated by MRI, including the menisci, cruciate ligaments, bone marrow, and articular cartilage, are suboptimally evaluated by sonography. This article reviews the structures and pathological processes for which ultrasound has been shown useful, emphasizing appropriate technique and normal anatomy, appearance of pathological processes, and advantages and limitations of sonographic evaluation.
膝关节超声最适合评估肌腱、液体积聚与积液、滑膜炎、关节周围软组织肿块、肌肉以及侧副韧带。超声评估的优点包括无电离辐射、检查无创、针对疼痛特定部位进行聚焦评估、具备多平面成像能力以及适用于磁共振成像（MRI）禁忌的患者。相较于MRI，超声能够显示肌腱、韧带、神经和肌肉的微观解剖结构也是其优势。此外，超声通常易于获得，且成本低于MRI。超声不太适合评估关节内紊乱。某些通过MRI能精确评估的结构，包括半月板、交叉韧带、骨髓和关节软骨，超声评估效果欠佳。本文回顾了已证明超声对其有用的结构和病理过程，重点介绍了合适的技术、正常解剖结构、病理过程的表现以及超声评估的优缺点。
