Healy Ken, Schiedt Birgitta, Morrison Alan P
University College Cork, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ireland.
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2007 Dec;2(6):875-97. doi: 10.2217/17435889.2.6.875.
Nanopore-based DNA analysis is a new single-molecule technique that involves monitoring the flow of ions through a narrow pore, and detecting changes in this flow as DNA molecules also pass through the pore. It has the potential to carry out a range of laboratory and medical DNA analyses, orders of magnitude faster than current methods. Initial experiments used a protein channel for its pre-defined, precise structure, but since then several approaches for the fabrication of solid-state pores have been developed. These aim to match the capabilities of biochannels, while also providing increased durability, control over pore geometry and compatibility with semiconductor and microfluidics fabrication techniques. This review summarizes each solid-state nanopore fabrication technique reported to date, and compares their advantages and disadvantages. Methods and applications for nanopore surface modification are also presented, followed by a discussion of approaches used to measure pore size, geometry and surface properties. The review concludes with an outlook on the future of solid-state nanopores.
基于纳米孔的DNA分析是一种新的单分子技术，它涉及监测离子通过狭窄孔道的流动，并在DNA分子也通过该孔道时检测这种流动的变化。它有潜力进行一系列实验室和医学DNA分析，速度比目前的方法快几个数量级。最初的实验使用蛋白质通道是因为其预定义的精确结构，但从那时起，已经开发了几种制造固态孔的方法。这些方法旨在匹配生物通道的功能，同时还提供更高的耐用性、对孔几何形状的控制以及与半导体和微流控制造技术的兼容性。本文综述了迄今为止报道的每种固态纳米孔制造技术，并比较了它们的优缺点。还介绍了纳米孔表面修饰的方法和应用，随后讨论了用于测量孔径、几何形状和表面性质的方法。本文最后对固态纳米孔的未来进行了展望。
