Rosenblum Norman D
The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Nephrology and Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2008 Jun;13(3):125-32. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2007.10.005. Epub 2007 Dec 21.
The mammalian kidney consists of highly specialised cells that function in an integrated manner to maintain homeostasis of body fluids, electrolytes and nutrients. Formation of multicellular structures and differentiation of kidney cells are tightly regulated processes that begin during the fifth week and end by approximately 34 weeks of human gestation. This review focuses on the morphological, cellular and molecular steps required for kidney formation. Although some of this information is derived from studies of the human kidney, much has arisen from the study of genetic models of mammalian kidney morphogenesis. These models reveal mechanisms by which cell lineages are established in the embryonic kidney and the genetic pathways that are involved in their establishment and maintenance.
哺乳动物的肾脏由高度特化的细胞组成，这些细胞以整合的方式发挥功能，以维持体液、电解质和营养物质的稳态。多细胞结构的形成和肾细胞的分化是严格调控的过程，始于人类妊娠的第五周，约在34周时结束。本综述重点关注肾脏形成所需的形态学、细胞和分子步骤。虽然其中一些信息来自对人类肾脏的研究，但很多是来自对哺乳动物肾脏形态发生遗传模型的研究。这些模型揭示了胚胎肾脏中细胞谱系建立的机制以及参与其建立和维持的遗传途径。
