Strnad L, Kubíková K
Kat. sociálního lékarství LFUK, Hradec Králové.
Sb Ved Pr Lek Fak Karlovy Univerzity Hradci Kralove. 1991;34(5):467-77.
Czechoslovakia is contemporarily ranged between the countries with mostly unfavourable indicators of national health. The life expectancy (LE) values at birth as achieved by 1988 in men were 67.85 years and 75.42 years in women, respectively. In Czechoslovakia this indicator is averagely 4 and more years lower than that of industrially developed countries. Such a low czechoslovakian LE value is conditioned with mainly higher mortality to the ischemic heart disease, vascular brain disease as well as malignancies and traumas. In men, the mortality due to the ischemic heart disease (IHD) is accounted for the Le decrease to 3.23 years, and 2.57 years in women, respectively. Similarly, there is a LE decrease to 3.05 years in men, and to 2.54 years in women due to the malignancies. When the IHD mortality decrease may be achieved up to 30% against the status of 1985-87, it may be resulted in LE prolongation to 0.84 in men, and 0.66 in women, respectively. The similar decrease in mortality to vascular brain disease and atherosclerosis may have resulted in LE prolongation to 0.51 in men, and 0.72 years in women. The mortality decrease to cancers for 30% may have been resulted in LE prolongation for 0.84 years in men, and for 0.73 years in women, respectively. The attempt on how to prolong the LE is resulting in fast and responsible measures of primary prevention and partly in those of secondary prevention.
捷克斯洛伐克目前处于国民健康指标大多不利的国家之列。1988年男性出生时的预期寿命值为67.85岁，女性为75.42岁。在捷克斯洛伐克，这一指标平均比工业发达国家低4年多。捷克斯洛伐克如此低的预期寿命值主要是由于缺血性心脏病、脑血管疾病以及恶性肿瘤和创伤的死亡率较高。在男性中，缺血性心脏病导致的死亡率使预期寿命分别降低3.23岁，女性降低2.57岁。同样，恶性肿瘤导致男性预期寿命降低3.05岁，女性降低2.54岁。如果缺血性心脏病死亡率相对于1985 - 1987年的状况降低30%，则可能使男性预期寿命延长0.84岁，女性延长0.66岁。脑血管疾病和动脉粥样硬化死亡率的类似降低可能使男性预期寿命延长0.51岁，女性延长0.72岁。癌症死亡率降低30%可能使男性预期寿命分别延长0.84岁，女性延长0.73岁。延长预期寿命的尝试正在促使采取快速且负责任的一级预防措施，部分还包括二级预防措施。
