Weiss J E, Mushinski M
Stat Bull Metrop Insur Co. 1999 Jan-Mar;80(1):13-21.
The total U.S. mortality rate for men and women, all causes combined, continues to decrease, but remains less favorable than that in many other developed countries. The 1995 age-adjusted rate for men was ranked 9th among 15 selected industrialized countries and that for women 11th. In 1996 the U.S. age-adjusted rate dropped to a record low of 491.6 per 100,000 population. Since 1990 this rate decreased substantially more among U.S. nonwhites than whites. The rates dropped 11 and 6 percent for nonwhite men and women, respectively, and 8 and 2 percent for their white counterparts. Thus, the gender gap continues to narrow as do the racial differentials in U.S. life expectancy and mortality. International mortality data for 1995 indicate that Iceland had the best recorded age-adjusted rate for men (487.4 per 100,000 population)--just ahead of Japan which has had the lowest mortality rate for more than 20 years. Age-adjusted death rates among U.S. nonwhite men and for men in Scotland were ranked the lowest, while among women, the worst mortality rates were evident among the Danish and Scottish women. Although life expectancy values are improving in all 15 countries, U.S. longevity continues to fare poorly in comparison to other developed countries. The U.S. life expectancy for men was ranked 13th for the 1990-1995 period and 11th for women. Longevity was the highest for men in Japan and Iceland, 76.4 and 76.3 years, respectively, and the lowest for men in Finland (72.0 years). For women, longevity was the best in Japan at 82.4 years, and the worst in Denmark (77.8 years). Life expectancies for men during 1995-2000 are projected to improve from 1.6 years in New Zealand to 0.4 years in Japan. For women, life expectancy will remain at 80.8 years in Sweden while increasing 0.8 years in the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom and New Zealand.
美国男性和女性的全因死亡率持续下降，但仍低于许多其他发达国家。1995年，美国男性的年龄调整死亡率在15个选定的工业化国家中排名第9，女性排名第11。1996年，美国的年龄调整死亡率降至每10万人491.6人的历史最低点。自1990年以来，美国非白人的这一死亡率下降幅度明显大于白人。非白人男性和女性的死亡率分别下降了11%和6%，白人男性和女性分别下降了8%和2%。因此，美国预期寿命和死亡率中的性别差距以及种族差异都在继续缩小。1995年的国际死亡率数据表明，冰岛男性的年龄调整死亡率记录最佳（每10万人487.4人），略高于日本，日本在20多年来一直保持着最低死亡率。美国非白人男性和苏格兰男性的年龄调整死亡率排名最低，而在女性中，丹麦和苏格兰女性的死亡率最高。尽管所有15个国家的预期寿命都在提高，但与其他发达国家相比，美国的长寿情况仍然不佳。1990 - 1995年期间，美国男性的预期寿命排名第13，女性排名第11。日本和冰岛男性的长寿情况最佳，分别为76.4岁和76.3岁，芬兰男性的长寿情况最差（72.0岁）。女性方面，日本的长寿情况最佳，为82.4岁，丹麦最差（77.8岁）。预计1995 - 2000年期间，男性的预期寿命在新西兰将提高1.6岁，在日本将提高0.4岁。女性方面，瑞典的预期寿命将保持在80.8岁，而美国、德国、英国和新西兰的预期寿命将提高0.8岁。
