Mironov Vladimir, Kasyanov Vladimir, Drake Christopher, Markwald Roger R
Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Regen Med. 2008 Jan;3(1):93-103. doi: 10.2217/17460751.3.1.93.
Organ printing or biomedical application of rapid prototyping, also defined as additive layer-by-layer biomanufacturing, is an emerging transforming technology that has potential for surpassing traditional solid scaffold-based tissue engineering. Organ printing has certain advantages: it is an automated approach that offers a pathway for scalable reproducible mass production of tissue engineered products; it allows a precised simultaneous 3D positioning of several cell types; it enables creation tissue with a high level of cell density; it can solve the problem of vascularization in thick tissue constructs; finally, organ printing can be done in situ. The ultimate goal of organ-printing technology is to fabricate 3D vascularized functional living human organs suitable for clinical implantation. The main practical outcomes of organ-printing technology are industrial scalable robotic biofabrication of complex human tissues and organs, automated tissue-based in vitro assays for clinical diagnostics, drug discovery and drug toxicity, and complex in vitro models of human diseases. This article describes conceptual framework and recent developments in organ-printing technology, outlines main technological barriers and challenges, and presents potential future practical applications.
器官打印或快速成型技术在生物医学领域的应用，也被定义为逐层累加生物制造，是一项新兴的变革性技术，具有超越传统基于固体支架的组织工程学的潜力。器官打印具有一定优势：它是一种自动化方法，为组织工程产品的可扩展、可重复大规模生产提供了途径；它允许对多种细胞类型进行精确的同步三维定位；它能够创建具有高细胞密度的组织；它可以解决厚组织构建物中的血管化问题；最后，器官打印可以在原位进行。器官打印技术的最终目标是制造出适合临床植入的三维血管化功能性人体器官。器官打印技术的主要实际成果包括复杂人体组织和器官的工业规模可扩展机器人生物制造、用于临床诊断、药物发现和药物毒性的基于组织的自动化体外检测，以及人类疾病的复杂体外模型。本文描述了器官打印技术的概念框架和最新进展，概述了主要技术障碍和挑战，并介绍了潜在的未来实际应用。
