Mironov Vladimir, Boland Thomas, Trusk Thomas, Forgacs Gabor, Markwald Roger R
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
Trends Biotechnol. 2003 Apr;21(4):157-61. doi: 10.1016/S0167-7799(03)00033-7.
Tissue engineering technology promises to solve the organ transplantation crisis. However, assembly of vascularized 3D soft organs remains a big challenge. Organ printing, which we define as computer-aided, jet-based 3D tissue-engineering of living human organs, offers a possible solution. Organ printing involves three sequential steps: pre-processing or development of "blueprints" for organs; processing or actual organ printing; and postprocessing or organ conditioning and accelerated organ maturation. A cell printer that can print gels, single cells and cell aggregates has been developed. Layer-by-layer sequentially placed and solidified thin layers of a thermo-reversible gel could serve as "printing paper". Combination of an engineering approach with the developmental biology concept of embryonic tissue fluidity enables the creation of a new rapid prototyping 3D organ printing technology, which will dramatically accelerate and optimize tissue and organ assembly.
组织工程技术有望解决器官移植危机。然而，构建血管化的三维柔软器官仍然是一个巨大的挑战。器官打印，即我们所定义的对活人器官进行计算机辅助、基于喷射的三维组织工程，提供了一种可能的解决方案。器官打印包括三个连续步骤：器官的预处理或“蓝图”开发；处理或实际的器官打印；以及后处理或器官调理和加速器官成熟。一种能够打印凝胶、单细胞和细胞聚集体的细胞打印机已经研制出来。热可逆凝胶的逐层依次放置并固化的薄层可以作为“打印纸”。工程方法与胚胎组织流动性的发育生物学概念相结合，能够创造一种新的快速成型三维器官打印技术，这将极大地加速和优化组织与器官的构建。
