Shah P M
J. W. Goethe Universitaet, Arzt fuer Innere Medizin, Mikrobiologie und Infektion sepidemiologie, Biapenem Frankfurt, Germany.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008 Jan;14 Suppl 1:175-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01868.x.
Among the many different structurally distinct classes of beta-lactams, the carbapenem class is regarded as that which is most potent and which has the widest spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Rapidly bactericidal, and demonstrating time-dependent killing, carbapenemes have a spectrum of antimicrobial activity that includes Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic pathogens. Their in-vitro activity includes extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing pathogens and carbapenems are currently considered to be the treatment of choice for serious infections due to ESBL-producing organisms. However, isolates acquiring resistance under treatment have been reported. Imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem are licensed in the European Community and panipenem and biapenem are also available in Japan and South Korea. Other carbapenemes are under development.
在众多结构各异的β-内酰胺类药物中，碳青霉烯类被认为是抗菌活性最强、抗菌谱最广的一类。碳青霉烯类药物杀菌迅速，呈时间依赖性杀菌作用，其抗菌谱涵盖革兰氏阳性需氧菌、革兰氏阴性需氧菌及厌氧菌。它们的体外活性包括产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的病原体，目前碳青霉烯类被视为治疗产ESBL菌所致严重感染的首选药物。然而，已有报道称在治疗过程中出现了获得性耐药菌株。亚胺培南、美罗培南和厄他培南在欧盟已获许可，帕尼培南和比阿培南在日本和韩国也有供应。其他碳青霉烯类药物正在研发中。
