Civitello L A
Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, D.C.
Pediatr Neurosurg. 1991;17(2):104-12. doi: 10.1159/000120576.
Neurologic abnormalities occur frequently in children with symptomatic HIV-1 infection (class P2) and include cognitive, language and motor deficits, as well as acquired microcephaly. Neurologic abnormalities can be seen as early as the first 3 months of age and can precede signs of immune deficiency and systemic illness. Hypotonia, delayed or poor head control and decreased vocalizations are some of the early neurologic manifestations of HIV-1 infection. In the majority of cases CNS impairment appears to be related to HIV-1 brain infection although at this time the exact timing of CNS invasion by the virus and the pathogenesis of CNS dysfunction are unknown. Treatment with antiretroviral agents can at least temporarily improve neurologic functioning in some children with HIV-1-related encephalopathy.
有症状的HIV-1感染儿童（P2类）经常出现神经学异常，包括认知、语言和运动功能缺陷，以及后天小头畸形。神经学异常最早可在3个月大时出现，且可先于免疫缺陷和全身性疾病的体征。肌张力减退、抬头控制延迟或不佳以及发声减少是HIV-1感染的一些早期神经学表现。在大多数情况下，中枢神经系统损害似乎与HIV-1脑感染有关，尽管目前病毒侵入中枢神经系统的确切时间以及中枢神经系统功能障碍的发病机制尚不清楚。抗逆转录病毒药物治疗至少可在一些患有HIV-1相关脑病的儿童中暂时改善神经功能。
