Baptista Pedro, Pereira Eulália, Eaton Peter, Doria Gonçalo, Miranda Adelaide, Gomes Inês, Quaresma Pedro, Franco Ricardo
CIGMH/Dept. Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2008 Jun;391(3):943-50. doi: 10.1007/s00216-007-1768-z. Epub 2007 Dec 21.
The impact of advances in nanotechnology is particularly relevant in biodiagnostics, where nanoparticle-based assays have been developed for specific detection of bioanalytes of clinical interest. Gold nanoparticles show easily tuned physical properties, including unique optical properties, robustness, and high surface areas, making them ideal candidates for developing biomarker platforms. Modulation of these physicochemical properties can be easily achieved by adequate synthetic strategies and give gold nanoparticles advantages over conventional detection methods currently used in clinical diagnostics. The surface of gold nanoparticles can be tailored by ligand functionalization to selectively bind biomarkers. Thiol-linking of DNA and chemical functionalization of gold nanoparticles for specific protein/antibody binding are the most common approaches. Simple and inexpensive methods based on these bio-nanoprobes were initially applied for detection of specific DNA sequences and are presently being expanded to clinical diagnosis. Figure Colorimetric DNA/RNA detection using salt induced aggregation of AuNP-DNA nanoprobes.
纳米技术的进步在生物诊断中具有特别重要的意义，在生物诊断领域，已经开发出基于纳米颗粒的检测方法，用于特异性检测具有临床意义的生物分析物。金纳米颗粒具有易于调节的物理性质，包括独特的光学性质、稳定性和高比表面积，使其成为开发生物标志物平台的理想候选材料。通过适当的合成策略可以轻松实现这些物理化学性质的调节，这使金纳米颗粒比目前临床诊断中使用的传统检测方法更具优势。金纳米颗粒的表面可以通过配体功能化进行定制，以选择性地结合生物标志物。DNA的硫醇连接和金纳米颗粒的化学功能化以实现特异性蛋白质/抗体结合是最常见的方法。基于这些生物纳米探针的简单且廉价的方法最初用于检测特定的DNA序列，目前正在扩展到临床诊断。图 使用盐诱导的AuNP-DNA纳米探针聚集进行比色DNA/RNA检测。
