Mandel C R, Bai Y, Tong L
Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2008 Apr;65(7-8):1099-122. doi: 10.1007/s00018-007-7474-3.
Most eukaryotic mRNA precursors (premRNAs) must undergo extensive processing, including cleavage and polyadenylation at the 3'-end. Processing at the 3'-end is controlled by sequence elements in the pre-mRNA (cis elements) as well as protein factors. Despite the seeming biochemical simplicity of the processing reactions, more than 14 proteins have been identified for the mammalian complex, and more than 20 proteins have been identified for the yeast complex. The 3'-end processing machinery also has important roles in transcription and splicing. The mammalian machinery contains several sub-complexes, including cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor, cleavage stimulation factor, cleavage factor I, and cleavage factor II. Additional protein factors include poly(A) polymerase, poly(A)-binding protein, symplekin, and the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II largest subunit. The yeast machinery includes cleavage factor IA, cleavage factor IB, and cleavage and polyadenylation factor.
大多数真核生物mRNA前体（前体mRNA）必须经过广泛的加工，包括3'端的切割和聚腺苷酸化。3'端的加工由前体mRNA中的序列元件（顺式元件）以及蛋白质因子控制。尽管加工反应在生化层面看似简单，但已鉴定出哺乳动物复合物中有超过14种蛋白质，酵母复合物中有超过20种蛋白质。3'端加工机制在转录和剪接中也具有重要作用。哺乳动物的加工机制包含几个亚复合物，包括切割和聚腺苷酸化特异性因子、切割刺激因子、切割因子I和切割因子II。其他蛋白质因子包括聚腺苷酸聚合酶、聚腺苷酸结合蛋白、共生蛋白以及RNA聚合酶II最大亚基的C末端结构域。酵母的加工机制包括切割因子IA、切割因子IB以及切割和聚腺苷酸化因子。
