Kumar Ashwani, Valecha Neena, Jain Tanu, Dash Aditya P
National Institute of Malaria Research, Field Station, Panaji, Goa, Pin 403 001, India.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007 Dec;77(6 Suppl):69-78.
In India, nine Anopheline vectors are involved in transmitting malaria in diverse geo-ecological paradigms. About 2 million confirmed malaria cases and 1,000 deaths are reported annually, although 15 million cases and 20,000 deaths are estimated by WHO South East Asia Regional Office. India contributes 77% of the total malaria in Southeast Asia. Multi-organ involvement/dysfunction is reported in both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax cases. Most of the malaria burden is borne by economically productive ages. The states inhabited by ethnic tribes are entrenched with stable malaria, particularly P. falciparum with growing drug resistance. The profound impact of complicated malaria in pregnancy includes anemia, abortions, low birth weight in neonates, still births, and maternal mortality. Retrospective analysis of burden of malaria showed that disability adjusted life years lost due to malaria were 1.86 million years. Cost-benefit analysis suggests that each Rupee invested by the National Malaria Control Program pays a rich dividend of 19.7 Rupees.
在印度，有9种按蚊媒介在不同的地理生态模式下传播疟疾。印度每年报告约200万例确诊疟疾病例和1000例死亡，不过世界卫生组织东南亚区域办事处估计的病例数为1500万例，死亡数为2万例。印度的疟疾病例数占东南亚地区总数的77%。恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫病例均报告有多个器官受累/功能障碍。大多数疟疾负担由具有经济生产力的年龄段人群承担。有少数民族部落居住的邦疟疾疫情顽固，尤其是恶性疟原虫感染且耐药性不断增强。妊娠合并复杂疟疾的深远影响包括贫血、流产、新生儿低出生体重、死产和孕产妇死亡。对疟疾负担的回顾性分析表明，因疟疾而损失的伤残调整生命年为186万年。成本效益分析表明，国家疟疾控制计划投入的每一卢比都能带来19.7卢比的丰厚回报。
