Adugna Tilahun, Zelalem Lamesgin, Alelign Gedafaw
Debre Tabor University, 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines. 2024 May 15;10(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s40794-024-00219-y.
In Ethiopia, malaria is one of the major public health and socioeconomic problems, though tremendous efforts have been made. Currently, the country has a plan to eliminate malaria by 2030. To achieve this plan, epidemiological studies associated with malaria prevalence with gender, age groups, species types, and seasons are essential. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malaria from 2013 to 2021 in Addis Zemen town, Northwest Ethiopia.
A retrospective study was conducted at assess the trend of malaria prevalence over the last nine years using recorded blood smear reports in the laboratory logbook from governmental health institutions. Trends in malaria cases and the proportion of genders, age groups, species, and seasons over time were compared. The data were analyzed using the SPSS-23 software package.
The overall malaria prevalence between 2013 and 2021 was 10.4%. From all confirmed cases, the minimum and maximum prevalence of malaria cases were recorded in 2018 (2%) and 2016 (33.2%) years, respectively. The infectious rate of males (59.3%) was significantly higher than that of females (40.7%) (p < 0.0001). In all survey periods, all age groups were infected by malaria parasites; the majority of the cases were between 15 and 45 years (57%) older than others. Statistically, a greater proportion of P. falciparum (80.1%) was recorded than P. vivax (18.5%) (p < 0.0001). Malaria cases were occurring throughout each month. The relative highest peaks of total malaria cases were observed during the months of September, October, and November. Seasonally, the highest infection rate was observed during spring (40.20%) compared to other seasons.
In conclusion, the study revealed that malaria transmission remained high, which affected males more than females and potentially reproductive ages. Two of the most important Plasmodium species were identified and found during all reviewed months and years, though P. falciparum was the most prevalent. Hence, the problem can be alleviated by using season-based long-lasting insecticide treated nets, regularly overseeing ongoing irrigation activity, overseeing the reduction of the water level of the Sheni River, health education, and providing immediate patient treatment.
在埃塞俄比亚，尽管已付出巨大努力，但疟疾仍是主要的公共卫生和社会经济问题之一。目前，该国计划到2030年消除疟疾。为实现这一计划，开展与疟疾患病率相关的流行病学研究，涉及性别、年龄组、疟原虫种类和季节等因素至关重要。因此，本研究的目的是评估2013年至2021年埃塞俄比亚西北部阿迪斯泽门镇的疟疾患病率。
进行了一项回顾性研究，利用政府卫生机构实验室日志中的血液涂片记录报告来评估过去九年疟疾患病率的趋势。比较了疟疾病例的趋势以及性别、年龄组、疟原虫种类和季节随时间的比例。使用SPSS - 23软件包对数据进行分析。
2013年至2021年期间的总体疟疾患病率为10.4%。在所有确诊病例中，疟疾病例的最低患病率和最高患病率分别记录在2018年（2%）和2016年（33.2%）。男性的感染率（59.3%）显著高于女性（40.7%）（p < 0.0001）。在所有调查期间，所有年龄组均感染疟原虫；大多数病例在15至45岁之间（57%），高于其他年龄组。从统计学上看，恶性疟原虫的记录比例（80.1%）高于间日疟原虫（18.5%）（p < 0.0001）。疟疾病例在每个月都有发生。总疟疾病例的相对最高峰值出现在9月、10月和11月。从季节性来看，春季的感染率最高（40.20%），高于其他季节。
总之，研究表明疟疾传播仍然很高，对男性的影响大于女性，且对潜在育龄人群也有影响。在所有审查的月份和年份中都识别并发现了两种最重要的疟原虫种类，尽管恶性疟原虫最为普遍。因此，可通过使用基于季节的长效驱虫蚊帐、定期监督正在进行的灌溉活动、监督谢尼河水位下降、开展健康教育以及及时为患者提供治疗来缓解这一问题。
