Nikolić M, Nikić Dragana, Lazarević Konstansa
Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2006 Oct;134 Suppl 2:104-7. doi: 10.2298/sarh06s2104n.
There is relatively strong evidence among children showing that passive smoking is associated with respiratory symptoms and respiratory diseases, but few studies have been carried out in Serbian population.
Establishment of association between exposure to tobacco smoke within family and prevalence of the upper and lower respiratory symptoms in school children.
In this descriptive epidemiological study, studied population consisted of 533 school children, 12.96 +/- 1.54 years old, residents of Nis town, from the area with identical open air pollution. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure was recorded in 382 children. Data about symptoms in children, conditions of habitation, presence of pets and hereditary predisposition were entered into structured questionnaire. RESULTS T-test and X2-test statistics showed no significant difference of living conditions, hereditary predisposition among children and average time which passive smoker and nonsmoker children spent indoors. In both groups, the upper respiratory symptoms were more frequent (42.4%-80.2%) in comparison to lower respiratory symptoms (14.4%-25.7%). There was significant difference of the upper and lower respiratory symptoms between the exposed children and control group (X2 =9.7 > X2 (1.005 = 3.8, p > 0.05--for the upper and X2 = 4.4 > X2 (1.005) = 3.8, p > 0.05--for the lower respiratory symptoms). Primary health care need for respiratory symptoms and diseases due to effect of passive smoking was higher in the exposed children.
The results provide evidence of adverse respiratory effects of passive smoking to children being exposed to smoke in domestic setting. These findings emphasize the need for effective measures of prevention of involuntary smoking during childhood in Serbia.
在儿童中，有相对确凿的证据表明被动吸烟与呼吸道症状及呼吸道疾病有关，但针对塞尔维亚人群的相关研究较少。
确定家庭中接触烟草烟雾与学童上下呼吸道症状患病率之间的关联。
在这项描述性流行病学研究中，研究对象为533名学童，年龄在12.96±1.54岁，居住在尼什镇空气污染相同地区。记录了382名儿童的环境烟草烟雾暴露情况。将有关儿童症状、居住条件、宠物情况和遗传易感性的数据录入结构化问卷。结果：t检验和卡方检验统计显示，儿童的生活条件、遗传易感性以及被动吸烟儿童和非吸烟儿童在室内的平均停留时间之间无显著差异。两组中，上呼吸道症状（42.4%-80.2%）比下呼吸道症状（14.4%-25.7%）更常见。暴露组儿童与对照组在上、下呼吸道症状方面存在显著差异（上呼吸道症状：卡方值=9.7>卡方(1.005)=3.8，p>0.05；下呼吸道症状：卡方值=4.4>卡方(1.005)=3.8，p>0.05）。因被动吸烟导致呼吸道症状和疾病的暴露组儿童对初级卫生保健的需求更高。
结果证明了被动吸烟对在家中接触烟雾的儿童的呼吸道有不良影响。这些发现强调了塞尔维亚在儿童时期采取有效措施预防非自愿吸烟的必要性。
