Dhanushkodi Anandh, Shetty Ashok K
Medical Research and Surgery Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008;32(4):657-74. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.10.004. Epub 2007 Nov 28.
Exposure to enriched environment has been shown to induce robust neuronal plasticity in both intact and injured adult central nervous system, including up-regulation of multiple neurotrophic factors, enhanced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and improved spatial learning and memory function. Neuronal plasticity, though mostly adaptive and abnormal, also occurs during certain neurodegenerative conditions such as the temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The TLE is characterized by hippocampal neurodegeneration, aberrant mossy fiber sprouting, spontaneous recurrent motor seizures, cognitive deficits, and abnormally enhanced neurogenesis during the early phase and dramatically declined neurogenesis during the chronic phase of the disease. As environmental enrichment has been found to be beneficial for treating animal models of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, there is considerable interest in determining the efficacy of this strategy for preventing or treating chronic TLE after the initial precipitating brain injury. This review first discusses the proof of principle behind the potential application of the environmental enrichment strategy for preventing or treating TLE after brain injury. The subsequent chapters confer the portrayed beneficial effects of enrichment for functional post-lesional recovery in TLE and the possible complications which may arise from housing epilepsy-prone or epileptic rats in enriched environmental conditions. The final segment discusses studies that are essential for further understanding the efficacy of this approach for preventing or treating TLE.
业已表明，置身于丰富环境中可在完整和受损的成体中枢神经系统中诱导强大的神经元可塑性，包括多种神经营养因子的上调、海马齿状回神经发生的增强以及空间学习和记忆功能的改善。神经元可塑性虽然大多具有适应性且正常，但在某些神经退行性疾病（如颞叶癫痫，TLE）中也会出现。TLE的特征是海马神经变性、异常的苔藓纤维发芽、自发性反复运动性癫痫发作、认知缺陷，以及在疾病早期神经发生异常增强，而在慢性期神经发生急剧下降。由于已发现环境富集对治疗阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和亨廷顿病的动物模型有益，因此人们对确定该策略在预防或治疗初始脑损伤后的慢性TLE方面的疗效颇感兴趣。本综述首先讨论了环境富集策略在预防或治疗脑损伤后TLE方面潜在应用背后的原理证明。随后各章阐述了富集对TLE损伤后功能恢复的有益影响，以及将易患癫痫或患有癫痫的大鼠置于丰富环境条件下可能出现的并发症。最后一部分讨论了对于进一步理解该方法在预防或治疗TLE方面疗效至关重要的研究。
