Vul Edward, Nieuwenstein Mark, Kanwisher Nancy
Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2008 Jan;19(1):55-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02046.x.
How does temporal selection work, and along what dimensions does it vary from one instance to the next? We explored these questions using a phenomenon in which temporal selection goes awry. In the attentional blink, subjects fail to report the second of a pair of targets (T1 and T2) when they are presented at stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) of roughly 200 to 500 ms. We directly tested the properties of temporal selection during the blink by analyzing distractor intrusions at a fast rate of item presentation. Our analysis shows that attentional selection is (a) suppressed, (b) delayed, and (c) diffused in time during the attentional blink. These effects are dissociated by their time course: The measure of each effect returns to the baseline value at a different SOA. Our results constrain theories of the attentional blink and indicate that temporal selection varies along at least three dissociable dimensions: efficacy, latency, and precision.
时间选择是如何起作用的，以及从一个实例到下一个实例，它在哪些维度上会有所不同？我们利用一种时间选择出现偏差的现象来探究这些问题。在注意瞬脱中，当一对目标（T1和T2）以大约200到500毫秒的刺激呈现间隔（SOA）呈现时，受试者无法报告第二个目标。我们通过分析快速项目呈现时的干扰项侵入情况，直接测试了瞬脱期间时间选择的特性。我们的分析表明，在注意瞬脱期间，注意选择（a）受到抑制，（b）被延迟，并且（c）在时间上扩散。这些效应通过它们的时间进程得以区分：每种效应的测量值在不同的SOA下恢复到基线值。我们的结果限制了关于注意瞬脱的理论，并表明时间选择至少在三个可分离的维度上有所不同：效能、潜伏期和精度。
