Gabler Hampton C, Gabauer Douglas J
Virginia Tech, Center for Injury Biomechanics, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2007;51:31-48.
In the United States in 2005, there were 1,189 fatal crashes and 35,000 injurious crashes into guardrails. Current efforts to reduce fatalities occurring in guardrail collisions have focused on frontal oblique collisions of cars and light trucks into guardrail. These crashes however represent a diminishing target population for fatality reduction. This paper examines the current opportunities for reducing fatalities in guardrail collisions in the United States. The analysis was based upon crash data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and the National Automotive Sampling System General Estimates System (GES) for the years 2000-2005. The greatest opportunity for fatality reduction is the protection of motorcyclists, who now account for 32% of guardrail fatalities, and car and light truck occupants in side impact, who now comprise 14% of all guardrail fatalities. Together, protection of motorcycle riders and protection of car and light truck occupants in side impacts account for nearly half of all fatalities (46%) which occur in vehicle-guardrail collisions. Additional targets for fatality reduction include light truck rollover and collisions with guardrail ends.
2005年在美国，有1189起致命撞车事故以及35000起与护栏相撞的致伤事故。当前减少护栏碰撞事故中死亡人数的努力主要集中在轿车和轻型卡车与护栏的正面斜向碰撞上。然而，这些事故在可减少死亡人数的目标群体中所占比例正在下降。本文研究了美国目前减少护栏碰撞事故中死亡人数的机会。该分析基于2000年至2005年死亡分析报告系统（FARS）和国家汽车抽样系统综合估计系统（GES）的撞车数据。减少死亡人数的最大机会在于保护摩托车手，他们目前占护栏死亡人数的32%，以及侧面碰撞中的轿车和轻型卡车驾乘人员，他们目前占所有护栏死亡人数的14%。保护摩托车骑手以及保护侧面碰撞中的轿车和轻型卡车驾乘人员加起来占车辆与护栏碰撞事故中所有死亡人数的近一半（46%）。减少死亡人数的其他目标包括轻型卡车翻车以及与护栏端部的碰撞。
