Rice Muriel C, Wicks Mona N, Martin Judy C
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
Clin Nurs Res. 2008 Feb;17(1):20-31. doi: 10.1177/1054773807311689.
This exploratory study examines differences in health risk characteristics and perceived health by caregiver status in two groups of Black women, 37 informal caregivers and 20 noncaregivers, transitioning from welfare to work. Health risk characteristics were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Healthier People Network Health Risk Appraisal-Version 6. Body mass index (BMI) calculations were based on the standard Centers for Disease Control formula. Perceived health status was assessed using a single-item Cantril ladder. Results show no statistically significant between-group differences in perceived health status, depressive symptoms, frequency of lifestyle behaviors, or BMI. Clinically significant proportions of participants in both groups rated their health as poor or fair; reported mild to severe depressive symptoms; smoked cigarettes; did not perform monthly self-breast exams; were physically inactive, overweight, or obese; and consumed high-fat diets. Black women receiving welfare show increased risk for premature chronic health problems, which warrants development of effective community-based risk-reduction programs.
这项探索性研究调查了两组从福利转向工作的黑人女性（37名非正式照料者和20名非照料者）在健康风险特征和照料者身份所感知的健康方面的差异。使用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表和健康人群网络健康风险评估第6版评估健康风险特征。体重指数（BMI）计算基于疾病控制中心的标准公式。使用单项坎特里尔阶梯评估所感知的健康状况。结果显示，在感知的健康状况、抑郁症状、生活方式行为频率或BMI方面，两组之间没有统计学上的显著差异。两组中具有临床意义比例的参与者将自己的健康评为差或一般；报告有轻度至重度抑郁症状；吸烟；未每月进行自我乳房检查；身体不活动、超重或肥胖；并且食用高脂肪饮食。接受福利的黑人女性出现过早慢性健康问题的风险增加，这需要制定有效的基于社区的降低风险计划。
