Spector Denise, Mishel Merle, Skinner Celette Sugg, Deroo Lisa A, Vanriper Marcia, Sandler Dale P
School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Cancer Nurs. 2009 Jul-Aug;32(4):299-308. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0b013e31819deab0.
Although researchers have investigated the relationships between perceived risk and behavioral risk factors for breast cancer, few qualitative studies have addressed the meaning of risk and its impact on decision making regarding lifestyle behaviors. This qualitative study explored factors involved in the formulation of perceived breast cancer risk and associations between risk perception and lifestyle behaviors in white and black women with a family history of breast cancer. Eligible participants were North Carolina residents in the Sister Study, a nationwide study of risk factors for breast cancer among women who have at least 1 sister diagnosed with breast cancer. Personal interviews were conducted with 32 women. Although most had heightened perceived risk, almost 20% considered themselves below-to-average risk. Participants with moderate-to-high perceived risk were more likely to report an affected sister and mother, a first-degree relative's diagnosis within 4 years, and death of a first-degree relative from breast cancer. Many women were unaware of associations between lifestyle behaviors and breast cancer risk. Only one-third of the women reported healthy lifestyle changes because of family history; dietary change was most frequently reported. Findings may be important for cancer nurses involved in developing breast cancer education programs for women with a family history of breast cancer.
尽管研究人员已经调查了乳腺癌的感知风险与行为风险因素之间的关系，但很少有定性研究探讨风险的含义及其对生活方式行为决策的影响。这项定性研究探讨了有乳腺癌家族史的白人和黑人女性中，感知乳腺癌风险形成过程中涉及的因素，以及风险认知与生活方式行为之间的关联。符合条件的参与者是“姐妹研究”中的北卡罗来纳州居民，该研究是一项全国性研究，针对至少有一个姐妹被诊断患有乳腺癌的女性的乳腺癌风险因素。对32名女性进行了个人访谈。尽管大多数人感知到的风险较高，但近20%的人认为自己的风险低于平均水平。感知风险为中度至高度的参与者更有可能报告有患癌的姐妹和母亲、4年内有一级亲属被诊断出患癌，以及有一级亲属死于乳腺癌。许多女性并不知道生活方式行为与乳腺癌风险之间的关联。只有三分之一的女性因家族病史而报告有健康的生活方式改变；饮食改变是最常被报告的。这些发现对于参与为有乳腺癌家族史的女性制定乳腺癌教育项目的癌症护士可能很重要。
