Fors Ronny, Persson Maurits, Bergström Erik, Stenlund Hans, Stymne Birgitta, Stenberg Berndt
Department of Odontology, Orthodontics, Umeå University, SE 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Contact Dermatitis. 2008 Feb;58(2):80-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01257.x.
The prevalence of body piercing and orthodontic treatment has increased during recent decades. Such changes in lifestyle may influence the occurrence of nickel allergy.
The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of nickel allergy in a Swedish youth population.
In a cross-sectional survey, 6095 adolescents answered a questionnaire on their lifestyle and medical history, and 4439 consented to patch testing for contact allergy. Patch test results were adjusted for dropouts by a missing value analysis.
The prevalence of self-reported dermatitis from contact with metal items was 14.8%. Patch testing showed nickel sensitization in 9.9% of the subjects, and in significantly more girls than boys, 13.3% versus 2.5%, respectively. Taking the dropout into account, the estimated true prevalence of nickel sensitivity evaluated by test reading at D4 is 11.8% in girls and 1.6% in boys.
The prevalence of nickel sensitization was higher for girls and slightly lower for boys compared with previous Swedish data. Self-reported information on metal dermatitis as an estimate of nickel allergy has low validity. When possible, missing value analysis should be performed to account for dropouts.
近几十年来，身体穿刺和正畸治疗的普及率有所上升。这种生活方式的改变可能会影响镍过敏的发生。
本研究旨在描述瑞典青年人群中镍过敏的患病率。
在一项横断面调查中，6095名青少年回答了关于他们生活方式和病史的问卷，4439人同意进行接触性过敏斑贴试验。通过缺失值分析对斑贴试验结果进行了失访调整。
自我报告的因接触金属物品引起的皮炎患病率为14.8%。斑贴试验显示，9.9%的受试者对镍过敏，且女孩明显多于男孩，分别为13.3%和2.5%。考虑到失访情况，通过在第4天读取试验结果评估的镍过敏估计真实患病率在女孩中为11.8%，在男孩中为1.6%。
与瑞典以往的数据相比，女孩中镍过敏的患病率较高，男孩中略低。作为镍过敏估计值的自我报告的金属皮炎信息有效性较低。如有可能，应进行缺失值分析以考虑失访情况。
