Schall Jeffrey D, Boucher Leanne
Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA.
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2007 Dec;7(4):396-412. doi: 10.3758/cabn.7.4.396.
Executive control requires controlling the initiation of movements, judging the consequences of actions, and adjusting performance accordingly. We have investigated the role of different areas in the frontal lobe in executive control expressed by macaque monkeys performing a saccade stop signal task. Certain neurons in the frontal eye field respond to visual stimuli, and others control the production of saccadic eye movements. Neurons in the supplementary eye field do not control directly the initiation of saccades but, instead, signal the production of errors, the anticipation and delivery of reinforcement, and the presence of response conflict. Neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex signal the production of errors and the anticipation and delivery of reinforcement, but not the presence of response conflict. Intracranial local field potentials in the anterior cingulate cortex of monkeys indicate that these medial frontal signals can contribute to event-related potentials related to performance monitoring. Electrical stimulation of the supplementary eye field improves performance in the task by elevating saccade latency. An interactive race model shows how interacting units produce behavior that can be described as the outcome of a race between independent processes and how conflict between gaze-holding and gaze-shifting neurons can be used to adjust performance.
执行控制需要控制动作的发起、判断行为的后果，并据此调整表现。我们研究了猕猴在扫视停止信号任务中所表现出的执行控制中额叶不同区域的作用。额叶眼区的某些神经元对视觉刺激做出反应，而其他神经元则控制眼球扫视运动的产生。辅助眼区的神经元并不直接控制扫视的发起，而是发出错误产生、强化的预期和传递以及反应冲突存在的信号。前扣带回皮层的神经元发出错误产生、强化的预期和传递的信号，但不发出反应冲突存在的信号。猴子前扣带回皮层的颅内局部场电位表明，这些内侧额叶信号可对与表现监测相关的事件相关电位产生影响。对辅助眼区进行电刺激可通过延长扫视潜伏期来提高任务表现。一个交互式竞赛模型展示了相互作用的单元如何产生可被描述为独立过程之间竞赛结果的行为，以及注视保持神经元和注视转移神经元之间的冲突如何被用于调整表现。
