Kryter Karl D
School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2007 Nov;122(5):2601-14. doi: 10.1121/1.2782748.
A demonstration field-research study reveals that aircraft noise measured at two one-story houses is approximately 9 dB less attenuated from measured outdoor levels than is street traffic noise, and, found in other studies, approximately 14 dB less than railway noise. Comparable differences are found between these noises from the application of basic acoustical formulas for quantifying attenuations that occur on site of one- and two-story houses. Reasonably consistent with those findings are results from attitude surveys showing that daily exposure levels of aircraft must be approximately 8 dB less than levels of street traffic noise, and approximately 13 dB less than levels of railway noise to be perceived as an equal cause of annoyance and related adverse effects. However, USA government guidelines recommend that equal exposure levels of noise measured outdoors from vehicles of transportation should be considered as being equally annoying. Changes in present USA noise-measurement procedures and noise-control guidelines are proposed that provide more accurate predictions of annoyance, related adverse effects, and criteria for setting "tolerable" limits of noise exposure in residential areas. Key acoustical and psycho-acoustical principles and data pertaining to predicting correlations between dosages of environmental noises and its effects on people and land noise zoning in residential communities are examined.
一项示范实地研究表明，在两座单层房屋处测得的飞机噪声比室外测量水平的衰减程度比街道交通噪声约少9分贝，并且，如其他研究中所发现的，比铁路噪声约少14分贝。从应用基本声学公式来量化在单层和两层房屋现场发生的衰减情况来看，这些噪声之间存在类似差异。态度调查结果与这些发现合理地一致，表明飞机的每日暴露水平必须比街道交通噪声水平约低8分贝，比铁路噪声水平约低13分贝，才能被视为同等程度的烦恼及相关不利影响的原因。然而，美国政府指南建议，从交通运输车辆在户外测得的同等噪声暴露水平应被视为同样令人烦恼。本文提出了美国现行噪声测量程序和噪声控制指南的变化，这些变化能更准确地预测烦恼程度、相关不利影响以及设定居民区噪声暴露“可容忍”限值的标准。研究了与预测环境噪声剂量及其对人和居民区土地噪声分区影响之间相关性有关的关键声学和心理声学原理及数据。
