Figueiredo Claudia Regina, Silva Ismael Dale Cotrim Guerreiro, Weckx Luc Louis Maurice
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008 Feb;16(1):18-21. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e3282f363f1.
This paper is a review of the most recent literature concerning the role of inflammatory genes in nasal polyposis. The data provide evidence of a pivotal role for some inflammatory mediators in the development and maintenance of nasal polyps.
Nasal polyposis is a common disease of the nasal mucosa; the exact mechanisms leading its development are still unknown. The role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of this disease is poorly understood. This lack of understanding makes definitive treatment very difficult. Activated eosinophils are a prominent feature of nasal polyps. Their presence in tissue results from a complex series of events that regulates their influx from the vasculature, as well as their movement, activation and survival within the tissue. Several studies have demonstrated that there are many potent chemoattractants that can activate eosinophils and trigger the inflammatory response.
Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors play an important role in the persistence of mucosal inflammation associated with nasal polyps. Metalloproteinases seem to be crucial in nasal tissue remodeling in these patients. Arachidonic acid metabolites seem to be particularly important in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps in patients with aspirin hypersensitivity. We discuss the contribution of each one for the polyp formation.
本文对有关炎症基因在鼻息肉中作用的最新文献进行综述。数据表明某些炎症介质在鼻息肉的发生和维持中起关键作用。
鼻息肉是鼻黏膜的常见疾病；其确切发病机制尚不清楚。免疫系统在该疾病发病机制中的作用了解甚少。这种认识不足使得明确的治疗非常困难。活化的嗜酸性粒细胞是鼻息肉的一个显著特征。它们在组织中的存在是一系列复杂事件的结果，这些事件调节它们从血管系统的流入，以及它们在组织内的移动、活化和存活。几项研究表明，有许多强效趋化因子可激活嗜酸性粒细胞并引发炎症反应。
细胞因子、趋化因子和生长因子在与鼻息肉相关的黏膜炎症持续存在中起重要作用。金属蛋白酶在这些患者的鼻组织重塑中似乎至关重要。花生四烯酸代谢产物在阿司匹林超敏患者的鼻息肉发病机制中似乎尤为重要。我们讨论了它们各自对息肉形成的作用。
