Tucha L, Tucha O, Laufkötter R, Walitza S, Klein H E, Lange K W
School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2008;115(2):269-78. doi: 10.1007/s00702-007-0836-z. Epub 2008 Jan 16.
There is only little information about varying attention functions of adults with different DSM-IV subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In the present study groups of adult patients with ADHD - predominantly inattentive type, ADHD - predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type or ADHD - combined type and three healthy control groups were compared regarding multiple components of attention. Assessment of attention was performed using a computerized neuropsychological test battery for attentional functions. In comparison with healthy subjects, the three patient groups displayed impairments of vigilance, selective attention, divided attention, and flexibility. These impairments of attention of ADHD subgroups were primarily observed with regard to reaction time. With regard to tonic and phasic alertness no differences between patient and control groups could be found. Comparison between ADHD subgroups revealed that DSM-IV subtypes of ADHD differ in measures of divided attention, selective attention and flexibility. Differences between ADHD subgroups were primarily observed with regard to task accuracy. The results suggest that while distinct profiles of attentional functioning were observed between adult patients with ADHD and healthy adults indicating gross disturbances of various attention functions in patients with ADHD, differences between ADHD subgroups were only weak.
关于患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）不同DSM-IV亚型的成年人注意力功能变化的信息很少。在本研究中，对患有ADHD的成年患者组（主要是注意力不集中型、主要是多动冲动型或混合型ADHD）和三个健康对照组在注意力的多个组成部分方面进行了比较。使用用于注意力功能的计算机化神经心理测试组合来评估注意力。与健康受试者相比，这三组患者在警觉性、选择性注意力、分散注意力和灵活性方面均表现出损伤。ADHD亚组的这些注意力损伤主要在反应时间方面观察到。在紧张性和阶段性警觉方面，未发现患者组和对照组之间存在差异。ADHD亚组之间的比较显示，ADHD的DSM-IV亚型在分散注意力、选择性注意力和灵活性测量方面存在差异。ADHD亚组之间的差异主要在任务准确性方面观察到。结果表明，虽然在患有ADHD的成年患者和健康成年人之间观察到了注意力功能的不同特征，表明ADHD患者存在各种注意力功能的严重障碍，但ADHD亚组之间的差异很小。
