Malti Tina, Gummerum Michaela, Buchmann Marlis
Harvard University, USA.
J Genet Psychol. 2007 Sep;168(3):277-99. doi: 10.3200/GNTP.168.3.277-300.
The authors investigated the contemporaneous and longitudinal relations of children's (M age = 6.4 years) prosocial behavior to sympathy and moral motivation. Mothers and kindergarten teachers rated children's prosocial behavior. The authors measured sympathy via self- and adult reports. Moral motivation was assessed by children's attribution of emotions to hypothetical victimizers and self-as-victimizers and by moral reasoning after rule violations. Mother-rated prosocial behavior was contemporaneously and longitudinally related to sympathy. Moral motivation moderated the relation of sympathy to mother-rated prosocial behavior. Furthermore, boys' level of mother-rated prosocial behavior increased with level of moral motivation, whereas girls were high in mother-rated prosocial behavior, regardless of their level of moral motivation. Sympathy contemporaneously predicted kindergarten teacher-rated prosocial behavior.
作者研究了儿童（平均年龄6.4岁）亲社会行为与同情和道德动机之间的同步关系和纵向关系。母亲和幼儿园教师对儿童的亲社会行为进行了评分。作者通过儿童自我报告和成人报告来衡量同情。道德动机通过儿童对假设的加害者和自我作为受害者的情绪归因以及违规后的道德推理来评估。母亲评定的亲社会行为与同情在同步和纵向方面都存在关联。道德动机调节了同情与母亲评定的亲社会行为之间的关系。此外，男孩母亲评定的亲社会行为水平随着道德动机水平的提高而增加，而女孩母亲评定的亲社会行为水平较高，无论其道德动机水平如何。同情同步预测了幼儿园教师评定的亲社会行为。
