Malti Tina, Buchmann Marlis
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto-Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr. 2010;59(7):545-60. doi: 10.13109/prkk.2010.59.7.545.
We investigated the development of young children's moral emotions, i.e., sympathy and guilt, within a multi-informant longitudinal research design. One-hundred and seventy-five 6-year-old Swiss children participated at the first assessment (T1; re-assessed after one year; T2). Mothers and teachers participated as well. Sympathy was measured with self- and other reports and within children's play narratives. Guilt feelings were assessed by emotion attributions to protagonists and self-as-protagonist following different hypothetical moral transgressions. Mother-rated sympathy at T2 was positively related to guilt feelings at T2, whereas no relations between sympathy and guilt were found at T1. Sympathy ratings within informant were stable over a year. Guilt feelings to protagonists and self-as-protagonist were stable over a year as well. Guilt feelings predicted subsequent guilt feelings, whereas earlier sympathy did not predict guilt feelings. The results are discussed in regard to the differential development of moral emotions.
我们在多信息源纵向研究设计中，对幼儿道德情感（即同情和内疚）的发展进行了调查。175名6岁瑞士儿童参与了首次评估（T1；一年后重新评估；T2）。母亲和教师也参与其中。通过自我报告、他人报告以及儿童游戏叙事来测量同情。通过对不同假设道德违规行为中主人公和自我作为主人公的情感归因来评估内疚感。母亲在T2时评定的同情与T2时的内疚感呈正相关，而在T1时未发现同情与内疚之间存在关联。一年内，信息提供者内部的同情评分是稳定的。对主人公和自我作为主人公的内疚感在一年中也保持稳定。内疚感能预测后续的内疚感，而早期的同情则不能预测内疚感。我们针对道德情感的差异发展对研究结果进行了讨论。
