Dobbinson Suzanne J, Wakefield Melanie A, Jamsen Kris M, Herd Natalie L, Spittal Matthew J, Lipscomb John E, Hill David J
Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. Suzanne.
Am J Prev Med. 2008 Feb;34(2):94-101. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.024.
The Australian state of Victoria has run a population-based skin cancer prevention program called SunSmart since 1988, incorporating substantial public education efforts and environmental change strategies. Trends over 15 years in behavioral risk factors for skin cancer were examined in a population exposed to the SunSmart program. Whether outcomes were associated with extent of SunSmart television advertising was then assessed.
In nine cross-sectional surveys from 1987 to 2002, 11,589 adults were interviewed by telephone about their sun exposure and sun protection during outdoor activities on summer weekends. Analyses completed in 2007 adjusted for ambient temperature and ultraviolet radiation.
Sun protection and sunburn show substantial general improvement over time, but have stalled in recent years. Use of hats and sunscreens significantly increased over time and peaked during the mid to late 1990s, compared with the pre-SunSmart baseline. The mean proportion of unprotected skin was reduced and was lowest in the summer of 1997-1998. Summer sunburn incidence declined over time and was 9.1% in 2002, almost half baseline (OR=0.53; 95% CI=0.39-0.73). Higher exposure to SunSmart advertising in the 4 weeks before the interview increased: (1) preference for no tan, (2) hat and sunscreen use, and (3) proportion of body surface protected from the sun.
The general improvement in sun-protective behaviors over time highlight that a population's sun-protective behaviors are amenable to change. Population-based prevention programs incorporating substantial television advertising campaigns into the mix of strategies may be highly effective in improving a population's sun-protective behaviors.
自1988年以来，澳大利亚维多利亚州开展了一项名为“明智防晒”的以人群为基础的皮肤癌预防项目，其中包括大量的公众教育工作和环境改变策略。在接触“明智防晒”项目的人群中，对皮肤癌行为危险因素15年的趋势进行了研究。然后评估了结果是否与“明智防晒”电视广告的投放范围有关。
在1987年至2002年的9次横断面调查中，通过电话采访了11589名成年人，询问他们在夏季周末户外活动期间的日晒情况和防晒措施。2007年完成的分析对环境温度和紫外线辐射进行了校正。
随着时间的推移，防晒和晒伤情况总体有显著改善，但近年来停滞不前。与“明智防晒”项目开展前的基线相比，帽子和防晒霜的使用随时间显著增加，并在20世纪90年代中期至后期达到峰值。未受保护皮肤的平均比例有所降低，在1997 - 1998年夏季降至最低。夏季晒伤发生率随时间下降，2002年为9.1%，几乎是基线水平的一半（比值比=0.53；95%置信区间=0.39 - 0.73）。在采访前4周内更多地接触“明智防晒”广告会增加：（1）对不晒黑的偏好，（2）帽子和防晒霜的使用，以及（3）身体表面防晒的比例。
随着时间的推移防晒行为的总体改善表明，人群的防晒行为是可以改变的。将大量电视广告活动纳入策略组合的以人群为基础的预防项目，可能在改善人群的防晒行为方面非常有效。
