Livingston Patricia M, White Victoria, Hayman Jane, Dobbinson Suzanne
Faculty of Health, Medicine, Nursing and Behavioural Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
Prev Med. 2007 Jun;44(6):508-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.02.015. Epub 2007 Feb 23.
To examine the influence of tan preference and skin type on sun protection behaviors of Australian adolescents.
The Australian Secondary School Alcohol and Drug Questionnaires were conducted in 1993, 1996, 1999 and 2002 among randomly selected students aged 12--17. Schools were randomly selected from each education sector in each state. The self-administered questionnaire contained questions about tan preferences, skin type and usual SunSmart behavior (use of sunscreen, hats and covering clothing).
The routine use of SunSmart behavior was low in all survey years. There was a significant decrease over time in the proportion of students who practiced SunSmart behavior, with prevalence rates lower in 2002 than in any other survey year (males: p<0.01 and females: p<0.01). As desire for a tan increased, routine practice of SunSmart behaviors decreased. Across the four survey periods, male (p<0.01) and female (p<0.01) students who preferred no tan were significantly more likely to practice SunSmart behavior than students who preferred any sort of tan. Across the four survey years, male (p<0.01) and female (p<0.01) students with skin that 'just burns' were most likely to routinely practice SunSmart behavior.
Sun protection practices among adolescents have continued to decline significantly over time. Future educational programs require an innovative approach to modify adolescent behaviors in relation to sun exposure and sun protection.
研究晒黑偏好和皮肤类型对澳大利亚青少年防晒行为的影响。
1993年、1996年、1999年和2002年，对随机抽取的12至17岁学生进行了澳大利亚中学酒精和药物问卷调查。学校从每个州的每个教育部门中随机选取。自填式问卷包含有关晒黑偏好、皮肤类型和日常明智防晒行为（使用防晒霜、帽子和覆盖衣物）的问题。
在所有调查年份中，日常明智防晒行为的使用率都很低。随着时间的推移，采取明智防晒行为的学生比例显著下降，2002年的患病率低于其他任何调查年份（男性：p<0.01；女性：p<0.01）。随着晒黑欲望的增加，明智防晒行为的日常实践减少。在四个调查期间，比起喜欢任何一种晒黑效果的学生，不喜欢晒黑的男（p<0.01）女（p<0.01）学生更有可能采取明智防晒行为。在四个调查年份中，皮肤“只是晒伤”的男（p<0.01）女（p<0.01）学生最有可能经常采取明智防晒行为。
随着时间的推移，青少年的防晒措施持续显著下降。未来的教育项目需要一种创新方法来改变青少年在日晒和防晒方面的行为。
