Salas-Ramirez Kaliris Y, Montalto Pamela R, Sisk Cheryl L
Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Horm Behav. 2008 Feb;53(2):378-85. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.11.004. Epub 2007 Nov 22.
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of testosterone used by over half a million adolescents in the United States for their tissue-building potency and performance-enhancing effects. AAS also affect behavior, including reports of heightened aggression and changes in sexual libido. The expression of sexual and aggressive behaviors is a function of complex interactions among hormones, social context, and the brain, which is extensively remodeled during adolescence. Thus, AAS may have different consequences on behavior during adolescence and adulthood. Using a rodent model, these studies directly compared the effects of AAS on the expression of male sexual and aggressive behaviors in adolescents and adults. Male Syrian hamsters were injected daily for 14 days with either vehicle or an AAS cocktail containing testosterone cypionate (2 mg/kg), nandrolone decanoate (2 mg/kg), and boldenone undecylenate (1 mg/kg), either during adolescence (27-41 days of age) or in adulthood (63-77 days of age). The day after the last injection, males were tested for either sexual behavior with a receptive female or agonistic behavior with a male intruder. Adolescent males treated with AAS showed significant increases in sexual and aggressive behaviors relative to vehicle-treated adolescents. In contrast, AAS-treated adults showed significantly lower levels of sexual behavior compared with vehicle-treated adults and did not show heightened aggression. Thus, adolescents, but not adults, displayed significantly higher behavioral responses to AAS, suggesting that the still-developing adolescent brain is more vulnerable than the adult brain to the adverse consequences of AAS on the nervous system and behavior.
合成代谢雄激素类固醇（AAS）是睾酮的合成衍生物，在美国有超过50万青少年使用它，因其具有增强肌肉的效力和提高运动表现的作用。AAS还会影响行为，包括攻击性增强和性欲改变的报告。性行为和攻击性行为的表现是激素、社会环境和大脑之间复杂相互作用的结果，而大脑在青春期会经历广泛重塑。因此，AAS在青春期和成年期可能会对行为产生不同的影响。利用啮齿动物模型，这些研究直接比较了AAS对青少年和成年男性性行为和攻击性行为表达的影响。雄性叙利亚仓鼠在青春期（27至41日龄）或成年期（63至77日龄）期间，每天注射14天，注射的要么是赋形剂，要么是含有环戊丙酸睾酮（2毫克/千克）、癸酸诺龙（2毫克/千克）和十一酸睾酮（1毫克/千克）的AAS混合物。最后一次注射后的第二天，对雄性仓鼠进行测试，观察它们与处于发情期的雌性仓鼠的性行为，或与雄性入侵者的攻击性行为。与接受赋形剂治疗的青少年相比，接受AAS治疗的青春期雄性仓鼠的性行为和攻击性行为显著增加。相比之下，与接受赋形剂治疗的成年仓鼠相比，接受AAS治疗的成年仓鼠的性行为水平显著降低，且未表现出攻击性增强。因此，青少年而非成年人对AAS表现出显著更高的行为反应，这表明仍在发育的青少年大脑比成年大脑更容易受到AAS对神经系统和行为的不良影响。
