Schwellnus Martin P, Drew Nichola, Collins Malcolm
UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, 3rd Floor, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Boundary Road, Newlands, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
Clin Sports Med. 2008 Jan;27(1):183-94, ix-x. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2007.09.006.
Exercise associated muscle cramping (EAMC) is defined as a painful, spasmodic, and involuntary contraction of skeletal muscle that occurs during or immediately after exercise. There is a high lifetime prevalence of EAMC in athletes, specifically in endurance athletes. The most important risk factors for EAMC in athletes are a previous history of EAMC, and performing exercise at a higher relative exercise intensity or duration, when compared with normal training and participating in hot and humid environmental conditions. The diagnosis of EAMC is made clinically, and the most effective immediate management of EAMC is rest and passive stretching. The key to the prevention of EAMC is to reduce the risk of developing premature muscle fatigue.
运动相关性肌肉痉挛（EAMC）被定义为在运动期间或运动后立即发生的骨骼肌疼痛、痉挛性和非自愿性收缩。EAMC在运动员中的终生患病率很高，尤其是在耐力运动员中。运动员发生EAMC的最重要风险因素是既往有EAMC病史，与正常训练相比，以更高的相对运动强度或持续时间进行运动，以及在炎热潮湿的环境条件下运动。EAMC的诊断是临床诊断，EAMC最有效的即时处理方法是休息和被动拉伸。预防EAMC的关键是降低发生过早肌肉疲劳的风险。
