Stern R M
Environment and Health Service, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 1991;27(4):559-73.
The World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe has adopted the viewpoint that it is necessary to attempt to evaluate potential human carcinogens in such a way so that the risk they present can be compared and used in general consideration of protecting the public from toxic substances found in various environments. In order to demonstrate this process, the evaluations for a number of criteria air pollutants as presented in the volume Air Quality Guidelines for Europe are summarized and reviewed. The basic method used is that involving the estimation of risk based on lifetime exposures to airborne carcinogens by a linear extrapolation from known data using no threshold, with the carcinogenic potency expressed as the incremental unit risk estimate. This unit risk is defined as the average expected for a hypothetical population exposed for a lifetime to a concentration of one microgram per cubic meter of the agent in the air they breathe. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are reviewed, and background information for actual environmental conditions and risks leading up to the consensus guidelines adopted are presented for those 17 of the initial 28 criteria air pollutants treated which have IARC classifications of carcinogenicity.
世界卫生组织欧洲区域办事处采纳了这样一种观点，即有必要尝试以某种方式评估潜在的人类致癌物，以便能够比较它们所呈现的风险，并在总体上考虑保护公众免受各种环境中发现的有毒物质危害时加以利用。为了展示这一过程，对《欧洲空气质量准则》中列出的一些标准空气污染物的评估进行了总结和回顾。所采用的基本方法是，基于对空气中致癌物终生暴露情况，通过从已知数据进行无阈值线性外推来估计风险，致癌效力以增量单位风险估计值表示。该单位风险定义为假设人群终生暴露于每立方米空气中一微克该物质浓度下的平均预期风险。对该方法的优缺点进行了回顾，并针对最初28种标准空气污染物中已进行国际癌症研究机构致癌性分类的17种污染物，给出了导致所采纳的共识准则的实际环境条件和风险的背景信息。
