Faltýnková Anna, Nasincová Vanda, Kablásková Lenka
Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovská 31, 370 05 Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic.
Syst Parasitol. 2008 Mar;69(3):155-78. doi: 10.1007/s11230-007-9127-1. Epub 2008 Jan 22.
A survey of the larval stages (cercariae and metacercariae) of trematodes (Digenea) found in planorbid snails in Central Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, south-east Germany, Hungary, Poland and the Slovak Republic) is presented based on a study of 7,628 snails of 12 species examined between 1998-2006. A total of 34 trematode larval stages, comprising cercariae of 28 species and metacercariae of seven species (one species occurred both as cercaria and metacercaria) of nine families were found in 898 (11.5%) snails of eight species. The dominant cercariae were those belonging to the Rubenstrema exasperatum (Rudolphi, 1819)/Neoglyphe locellus (Kossack, 1910) species complex, Tylodelphys excavata (Rudolphi, 1803) and Echinostoma spiniferum (La Valette, 1855) sensu Nasincová (1992), all from Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus). Almost the same spectrum of cercariae of the families Echinostomatidae, Plagiorchiidae and Omphalometridae was found in the present study as in previous reports; however, a considerably lower spectrum of cercariae of the families Diplostomidae and Strigeidae was recorded. The most frequent metacercariae were those of Echinoparyphium aconiatum Dietz, 1909, Neoglyphe locellus and Moliniella anceps (Molin, 1859), all occurring mainly in P. corneus. The most heavily infected snail species was P. corneus, followed by Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus) and Segmentina nitida (Müller). The widest spectrum of trematode species was found in P. planorbis and P. corneus. Forty-two cercariae identified to the species level belonging to 15 families, plus an additional 43 taxa recorded under generic or provisional names, were reported from 11 species of planorbids in previous studies carried out in Central Europe. However, the actual number of trematode species occurring in the planorbid snails is probably much lower, because many, if not most, larval stages reported under provisional names or unidentified to the species level may be conspecific with identified adult forms. A key to the cercariae and metacercariae recorded from planorbids in Central Europe, together with illustrations of those species encountered most frequently in the field, is provided to facilitate identification.
基于1998年至2006年间对12种共7628只扁卷螺的研究，呈现了对中欧（奥地利、捷克共和国、德国东南部、匈牙利、波兰和斯洛伐克共和国）扁卷螺体内吸虫（复殖目）幼虫阶段（尾蚴和后尾蚴）的调查结果。在898只（11.5%）属于8个物种的扁卷螺中，共发现了34种吸虫幼虫阶段，包括9个科的28种尾蚴和7种后尾蚴（1个物种同时以尾蚴和后尾蚴的形式出现）。占主导地位的尾蚴是属于鲁氏鲁本吸虫（鲁道夫，1819年）/小孔新杯叶吸虫（科萨克，1910年）物种复合体、挖掘泰勒吸虫（鲁道夫，1803年）和棘口棘口吸虫（拉瓦莱特，1855年）（纳辛科娃，1992年定义）的尾蚴，它们均来自角扁卷螺（林奈）。本研究中发现的棘口科、斜睾科和脐孔科尾蚴的种类与之前的报告几乎相同；然而，双口科和裂体科尾蚴的种类记录则明显较少。最常见的后尾蚴是1909年迪茨发现的锥棘棘口吸虫、小孔新杯叶吸虫和莫氏莫利吸虫（莫林，1859年），它们主要出现在角扁卷螺中。感染最严重的扁卷螺物种是角扁卷螺，其次是扁卷螺（林奈）和光亮隔扁螺（米勒）。在扁卷螺和角扁卷螺中发现的吸虫种类最为丰富。在中欧之前的研究中，从11种扁卷螺中报告了42种已鉴定到物种水平的尾蚴，它们属于15个科，另外还有43个分类单元以属名或暂定名记录。然而，扁卷螺体内实际出现的吸虫物种数量可能要低得多，因为许多以暂定名报告或未鉴定到物种水平的幼虫阶段，即便不是大多数，也可能与已鉴定的成虫形态为同种。提供了一份中欧扁卷螺中记录的尾蚴和后尾蚴检索表，以及野外最常遇到的那些物种的图示，以方便鉴定。
