Baker Robert B, McCullough Laurence B
The Union Graduate College-Mount Sinai School of Medicine Biothics Program, Schenctady, NY, USA.
Kennedy Inst Ethics J. 2007 Sep;17(3):271-6. doi: 10.1353/ken.2007.0016.
Medical ethics often is treated as applied ethics, that is, the application of moral philosophy to ethical issues in medicine. In an earlier paper, we examined instances of moral philosophy's influence on medical ethics. We found the applied ethics model inadequate and sketched an alternative model. On this model, practitioners seeking to change morality "appropriate" concepts and theory fragments from moral philosophy to valorize and justify their innovations. Goldilocks-like, five commentators tasted our offerings. Some found them too cold, since they had already abandoned applied ethics; others too hot, since they still find the applied ethics model to their taste. We reply that the appropriation model offers an empirically testable account of the historical relationship between moral philosophy and medical ethics that explains why practitioners appropriate concepts and fragments from moral philosophy. In contrast, the now fashionable common morality theory neither explains moral change nor why practitioners turn to moral philosophy.
医学伦理学通常被视为应用伦理学，即将道德哲学应用于医学中的伦理问题。在一篇较早的论文中，我们研究了道德哲学对医学伦理学产生影响的实例。我们发现应用伦理学模式并不充分，并勾勒出了一个替代模式。在这个模式中，试图改变道德观念的从业者从道德哲学中“挪用”概念和理论片段，以赞扬并证明他们的创新。就像金发姑娘的故事一样，五位评论家品尝了我们的成果。一些人觉得太冷淡，因为他们已经摒弃了应用伦理学；另一些人觉得太热烈，因为他们仍然觉得应用伦理学模式合他们的口味。我们回应说，挪用模式提供了一个关于道德哲学与医学伦理学之间历史关系的可通过实证检验的解释，它解释了从业者为何从道德哲学中挪用概念和片段。相比之下，如今流行的普通道德理论既无法解释道德变革，也无法解释从业者为何求助于道德哲学。
