Baker Robert, McCullough Laurence
Center for Bioethics & Clinical Leadership, Union Graduate College, Schenectady, NY, USA.
Kennedy Inst Ethics J. 2007 Mar;17(1):3-22. doi: 10.1353/ken.2007.0000.
Philosophy textbooks typically treat bioethics as a form of "applied ethics"-i.e., an attempt to apply a moral theory, like utilitarianism, to controversial ethical issues in biology and medicine. Historians, however, can find virtually no cases in which applied philosophical moral theory influenced ethical practice in biology or medicine. In light of the absence of historical evidence, the authors of this paper advance an alternative model of the historical relationship between philosophical ethics and medical ethics, the appropriation model. They offer two historical case studies to illustrate the ways in which physicians have "appropriated" concepts and theory fragments from philosophers, and demonstrate how appropriated moral philosophy profoundly influenced the way medical morality was conceived and practiced.
哲学教科书通常将生物伦理学视为“应用伦理学”的一种形式——也就是说，试图将一种道德理论，如功利主义，应用于生物学和医学中存在争议的伦理问题。然而，历史学家几乎找不到应用哲学道德理论影响生物学或医学伦理实践的案例。鉴于缺乏历史证据，本文作者提出了一种哲学伦理学与医学伦理学历史关系的替代模型，即挪用模型。他们提供了两个历史案例研究，以说明医生“挪用”哲学家的概念和理论片段的方式，并展示挪用的道德哲学如何深刻影响医学道德的构想和实践方式。
