Marchetta Natalie D J, Hurks Petra P M, Krabbendam Lydia, Jolles Jelle
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Neuropsychology. 2008 Jan;22(1):74-84. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.22.1.74.
In this study, the authors aimed to examine 4 domains of executive functioning in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)--namely interference control, concept shifting, verbal fluency, and verbal working memory. Four groups of participants were included: (a) adults diagnosed with ADHD (ADHD-super(-); n = 20), (b) adults diagnosed with both ADHD and 1 or more comorbid disorder(s) (ADHD-super(+); n = 22), (c) adults referred for ADHD because of ADHD symptomatology but not diagnosed as such (non-ADHD; n = 34), and (d) healthy controls (n = 136). ADHD-related deficits (independent of comorbidity) were revealed for concept shifting and verbal working memory. In addition, the ADHD-super(+) and non-ADHD groups displayed deficits in terms of general processing speed. Given that these deficits were not found in the ADHD-super(-) group, the authors contend that these deficits are likely attributable to comorbidity rather than ADHD itself. Contrary to the authors' expectations, these findings do not correspond with the cognitive subtype hypothesis.
在本研究中，作者旨在检验注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）成人患者执行功能的4个领域，即干扰控制、概念转换、语言流畅性和语言工作记忆。研究纳入了四组参与者：（a）被诊断为ADHD的成人（ADHD-super(-)；n = 20），（b）被诊断为患有ADHD且伴有1种或多种共病的成人（ADHD-super(+)；n = 22），（c）因ADHD症状而被转诊但未被诊断为ADHD的成人（非ADHD；n = 34），以及（d）健康对照组（n = 136）。研究发现，在概念转换和语言工作记忆方面存在与ADHD相关的缺陷（与共病无关）。此外，ADHD-super(+)组和非ADHD组在一般加工速度方面存在缺陷。鉴于ADHD-super(-)组未发现这些缺陷，作者认为这些缺陷可能归因于共病而非ADHD本身。与作者的预期相反，这些发现与认知亚型假说不符。
