Mahadevan S, Park Y
Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 100 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
J Food Sci. 2008 Jan;73(1):R14-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00597.x.
The new age of nutraceuticals is now embracing the centuries old herbal extract of Ginkgo biloba (Mantissa Plantarum Altera, 1771, Ginkgoceae). The standardized preparation of the Ginkgo leaf extract (EGb 761) contained 2 main bioactive constituents, flavonoid glycosides (24%) and terpene lactones (6%), along with less than 5 ppm of the allergenic component, ginkgolic acid. The Ginkgo leaf extract has been reported to have neuroprotective, anticancer, cardioprotective, stress alleviating, and memory enhancing effects and possible effects on tinnitus, geriatric complaints, and psychiatric disorders. The therapeutic mechanisms of action of the Ginkgo leaf extract are suggested to be through its antioxidant, antiplatelet, antihypoxic, antiedemic, hemorrheologic, and microcirculatory actions, where the flavonoid and the terpenoid constituents may act in a complementary manner. Toxicity studies show that the Ginkgo leaf extract is relatively safe for consumption, although a few side effects have been reported, that is, intracerebral hemorrhage, gastrointestinal disturbances, headaches, dizziness, and allergic skin reactions. The use of Ginkgo leaf extract may be promising for treatment of certain conditions, although its long-term use still needs to be evaluated.
营养保健品的新时代如今正接纳有着数百年历史的银杏叶提取物（《植物学补遗》，1771年，银杏科）。银杏叶提取物（EGb 761）的标准化制剂含有两种主要生物活性成分，即黄酮苷（24%）和萜类内酯（6%），以及含量低于5 ppm的致敏成分银杏酸。据报道，银杏叶提取物具有神经保护、抗癌、心脏保护、缓解压力和增强记忆的作用，并且可能对耳鸣、老年疾病和精神障碍有疗效。银杏叶提取物的治疗作用机制被认为是通过其抗氧化、抗血小板、抗缺氧、抗水肿、血液流变学和微循环作用实现的，其中黄酮类和萜类成分可能以互补的方式发挥作用。毒性研究表明，银杏叶提取物食用起来相对安全，不过也有一些副作用的报道，即脑出血、胃肠道不适、头痛、头晕和过敏性皮肤反应。银杏叶提取物在某些病症的治疗方面可能很有前景，但其长期使用仍有待评估。
