Stueckle Todd A, Griffin Kristin, Foran Christy M
Department of Biology, West Virginia University, PO Box 6057, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
Environ Toxicol. 2008 Aug;23(4):530-8. doi: 10.1002/tox.20363.
In coastal areas, the application of pyrethroid insecticides and the resulting sediment residues pose a potential threat to marine benthic ecosystems. Pyrethroids cause acute toxicity and exhibit a wide range of sublethal effects on fish and crustaceans when exposure is aqueous. Fiddler crabs that inhabit salt marsh sediment are sensitive to sediment-associated pollutants and serve as a sentinel species for xenobiotic exposure. We exposed adult U. pugnax to salt marsh sediment spiked with different 60% trans/40% cis permethrin concentrations for 96 h, and evaluated changes in oxygen consumption rate, hemolymph osmolarity, and glutathione S-transferase activity (GST) following exposure. Marsh sediment was not lethal to U. pugnax at permethrin concentrations of 100-10,000 microg/kg. Sediment-bound permethrin had no significant effect on respiration and osmoregulation. Exposure caused an induction of hepatopancreas GST in a dose-dependent manner. Gill and midgut tissues showed induction at permethrin concentrations at 10,000 microg/kg. We conclude that short term exposure to permethrin-contaminated sediment does not pose a significant threat to this species or impact respiration and osmoregulation. Furthermore, increased GST activity allows us to evaluate this enzyme's induction as a generalist biomarker for sediment-bound pyrethroid exposures.
在沿海地区，拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的使用及其在沉积物中残留对海洋底栖生态系统构成潜在威胁。拟除虫菊酯类在水体暴露时会对鱼类和甲壳类动物产生急性毒性，并呈现出广泛的亚致死效应。栖息于盐沼沉积物中的招潮蟹对与沉积物相关的污染物敏感，可作为异生物质暴露的指示物种。我们将成年凶猛招潮蟹暴露于添加了不同浓度（60%反式/40%顺式氯菊酯）的盐沼沉积物中96小时，并评估暴露后耗氧率、血淋巴渗透压和谷胱甘肽S -转移酶活性（GST）的变化。氯菊酯浓度在100 - 10,000微克/千克时，盐沼沉积物对凶猛招潮蟹无致死作用。沉积物结合态氯菊酯对呼吸和渗透调节无显著影响。暴露导致肝胰腺GST呈剂量依赖性诱导。鳃和中肠组织在氯菊酯浓度为10,000微克/千克时出现诱导现象。我们得出结论，短期暴露于受氯菊酯污染的沉积物对该物种不构成重大威胁，也不影响呼吸和渗透调节。此外，GST活性增加使我们能够将该酶的诱导作为沉积物结合态拟除虫菊酯暴露的通用生物标志物进行评估。
