Academic Department of Diagnostic Radiology, St.Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK.
Cancer Imaging. 2004 Feb 14;4 Spec No A(Spec No A):S25-32. doi: 10.1102/1470-7330.2004.0012.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the eighth most common malignancy. It accounts for approximately 3% of newly diagnosed cancers and has been reported to occur in 11 out of 100 000 individuals. The incidence of RCC has increased by 40% in the USA from 1974 to 1990. There appears to be a true increase in the incidence of RCC over and above that attributable to the increased number detected by abdominal cross-sectional imaging. This increase has been accompanied by improved 5-year survival as the tumors detected by imaging are diagnosed at an earlier stage when they are still resectable. The male to female ratio is approximately 2:1; the majority present in the fifth to seventh decade of life and the racial distribution is equal. The majority of cases occur sporadically, but predisposing factors can sometimes be identified. RCC occurs in about 36% of patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease and invasive RCC is three to six times more common among long-term dialysis patients than in the general population.
肾细胞癌（RCC）是第八大常见恶性肿瘤。它约占新诊断癌症的 3%，据报道，每 10 万人中就有 11 人患有 RCC。从 1974 年到 1990 年，美国的 RCC 发病率增加了 40%。RCC 的发病率似乎确实有所增加，超过了因腹部横断面成像检测到的数量增加而导致的发病率。这种增加伴随着 5 年生存率的提高，因为通过影像学检测到的肿瘤在仍然可切除时处于更早的诊断阶段。男女比例约为 2:1；大多数患者在五到七十岁之间，种族分布均等。大多数病例为散发性，但有时可以确定诱发因素。RCC 发生在大约 36%的 von Hippel-Lindau 病患者中，在长期透析患者中侵袭性 RCC 比一般人群中常见 3 到 6 倍。
