Quinn Anthony E, Bell Scott D, Marrah Austin J, Wakefield Mark R, Fang Yujiang
Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, West Des Moines, IA 50266, USA.
Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2024 Dec 1;16(23):4034. doi: 10.3390/cancers16234034.
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is the most common form of kidney cancer, accounting for 75% of malignant kidney tumors, and is generally associated with poor patient outcomes. With risk factors including smoking, obesity, and hypertension, all of which have a high prevalence in the United States and Europe, as well as genetic factors including tuberous sclerosis complex and Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, there is an increasing need to expand our present understanding. The current clear cell renal cell carcinoma knowledge is outdated, with obsolete diagnostic criteria and moderately invasive surgical treatments still prevailing, partially ascribed to its resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The standard of treatment relies on surgical intervention, including radical nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy, while more recent treatments target neoplastic growth pathways and immune regulation checkpoints.
透明细胞肾细胞癌是最常见的肾癌类型，占恶性肾肿瘤的75%，通常与患者预后不良相关。其风险因素包括吸烟、肥胖和高血压，这些在美国和欧洲都非常普遍，还有一些遗传因素，如结节性硬化症复合体和冯·希佩尔-林道综合征，因此我们越来越有必要拓展目前的认知。目前关于透明细胞肾细胞癌的知识已经过时，陈旧的诊断标准和中度侵入性的外科治疗方法仍然盛行，部分原因是其对化疗和放疗具有抗性。治疗标准依赖于手术干预，包括根治性肾切除术和部分肾切除术，而最近的治疗则针对肿瘤生长途径和免疫调节检查点。
