Siegel-Axel Dorothea, Daub Karin, Seizer Peter, Lindemann Stephan, Gawaz Meinrad
Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Otfried-Müller Str. 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Cardiovasc Res. 2008 Apr 1;78(1):8-17. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvn015. Epub 2008 Jan 24.
In the last decade, it was recognized that platelets and lipoproteins play a pivotal role in both early and late atherogenesis. Beside cellular interactions of platelets with other blood cells and vascular cells, interactions with lipoproteins seem to be quite important. Lipoproteins are fundamental 'players' in atherogenesis since they change the properties of different cells involved in atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Several studies have already shown that low density lipoproteins (LDL) are involved in the initiation of platelet signalling pathways. Platelets of hypercholesterolemic patients show hyperaggregability in vitro and enhanced activity in vivo. This review elucidates the major aspects concerning how native and modified lipoproteins influence the activation and metabolic behaviour of platelets, and shows a new way by which platelet-mediated lipoprotein transfer might contribute to foam cell formation. In hyperlipidaemia, circulating platelets are activated. This is accompanied by increased platelet aggregation, platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation, and platelet-induced superoxide anion production. Furthermore, oxidized LDL induces monocyte adhesion to the endothelium, migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, injures cells, interferes with nitric oxide release, and promotes procoagulant properties of vascular cells. New data about platelet-mediated lipoprotein transport and consequent foam cell formation, however, provide proof of how platelets might contribute to atheromatous lesion formation.
在过去十年中，人们认识到血小板和脂蛋白在动脉粥样硬化的早期和晚期发展过程中都起着关键作用。除了血小板与其他血细胞及血管细胞的细胞间相互作用外，血小板与脂蛋白的相互作用似乎也非常重要。脂蛋白是动脉粥样硬化发生过程中的基本“参与者”，因为它们会改变参与动脉粥样硬化和血栓形成的不同细胞的特性。多项研究已经表明，低密度脂蛋白（LDL）参与血小板信号通路的起始过程。高胆固醇血症患者的血小板在体外表现出高聚集性，在体内活性增强。这篇综述阐述了天然脂蛋白和修饰脂蛋白如何影响血小板的激活和代谢行为的主要方面，并揭示了血小板介导的脂蛋白转运可能促进泡沫细胞形成的一种新机制。在高脂血症中，循环中的血小板会被激活。这伴随着血小板聚集增加、血小板 - 白细胞聚集体形成以及血小板诱导的超氧阴离子生成。此外，氧化型LDL会诱导单核细胞黏附于内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞迁移和增殖，损伤细胞，干扰一氧化氮释放，并促进血管细胞的促凝特性。然而，关于血小板介导的脂蛋白转运以及随之而来的泡沫细胞形成的新数据，为血小板如何促进动脉粥样硬化病变形成提供了证据。
