Parija S C
Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical, Education and Research, Pondicherry, India.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1991 Dec;22 Suppl:371-6.
Hydatid disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus is a zoonotic infection of cosmopolitan distribution. As the clinical manifestations of hydatid disease in man are variable, the diagnosis of the condition presents complex problems for clinicians. Since the parasitic diagnosis of the disease is difficult, the specific diagnosis of the condition relies heavily on immunodiagnostic tests. The recent approach to the diagnosis of hydatid disease in man is primarily based on: (1) a combination of two or three more serological tests to diagnose the condition, as a single test fails to detect all the cases, (2) detection of circulating hydatid antigen (CAg) in the serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and other assays, as the antigen detection system is useful in monitoring post-surgical and chemotherapeutic evaluation of the cases as well as in the prognosis of the condition and (3) demonstration of E. granulosus antigen in the cystic fluid to establish the etiology of the hydatid cyst. Hydatid disease is essentially a disease of poor people residing in rural areas, hence there is need for a simple, economic diagnostic immunoassay for use at the field level or in a rural health center with inadequate facilities. Counter-current-immunoelectrophoresis (CIEF) and bacterial co-agglutination (Co-A), have been standardized and evaluated in this laboratory for the first time for detection of CAg in cases of hydatid disease at the field level and rural health center.
由细粒棘球绦虫引起的包虫病是一种分布于世界各地的人畜共患感染病。由于人类包虫病的临床表现多种多样，因此该病的诊断给临床医生带来了复杂的问题。由于该疾病的寄生虫学诊断困难，其确诊在很大程度上依赖于免疫诊断测试。目前人类包虫病的诊断方法主要基于：（1）联合使用两种或三种以上血清学检测方法来诊断该病，因为单一检测方法无法检测出所有病例；（2）通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和其他检测方法检测血清中的循环包虫抗原（CAg），因为抗原检测系统有助于监测病例的术后和化疗评估以及病情的预后；（3）在囊液中检测细粒棘球绦虫抗原以确定包虫囊肿的病因。包虫病本质上是一种发生在农村贫困人口中的疾病，因此需要一种简单、经济的诊断免疫测定方法，以便在现场或设施不完善的农村卫生中心使用。本实验室首次对对流免疫电泳（CIEF）和细菌协同凝集试验（Co-A）进行了标准化和评估，用于在现场和农村卫生中心检测包虫病病例中的CAg。
