Pozio E
Laboratory of Parasitology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1991 Dec;22 Suppl:85-7.
Epidemiological data on food-borne parasitic zoonoses of Mediterranean and African regions are fragmentary. Several studies indicate that toxoplasmosis frequently occurs in Africa, but the epidemiological patterns in these countries are far from being complete. Serological investigations have been carried out with different methods and the results are not always comparable. Food habits, presence or absence of domestic and/or synanthropic felines, and environmental characteristics (damp or dry areas) seem to influence the prevalence of infection in man from 15 to over 60%. There are few reports on Sarcocystis infection in man, while its presence in domestic and sylvatic animals is well evidenced. Cysticercosis infection in cattle is widespread in Africa with a prevalence ranging from 2 to 50% in relation to breeding and human habits. In European countries of the Mediterranean area the prevalence of infection is below 2%. Cysticercosis infection in swine has almost disappeared in the Mediterranean area, while it is still present in some African countries. Human paragonimiasis is present in Western Africa with a prevalence ranging from 2 to 31%. Heterophyasis in man is present in Egypt, Tunisia, and Middle East. Sylvatic trichinellosis is widespread in Mediterranean (Trichinella sp.3) and African (T. nelsoni, Trichinella T8) regions. Domestic trichinellosis (T. spiralis spiralis) is present in Spain, France, Yugoslavia, Egypt, Gambia, and Nigeria in domestic and/or sylvatic animals. In Africa human trichinellosis is rare, mostly from religious and food habits. Till now very few control projects against food-borne parasitic zoonoses have been developed in Africa.
地中海和非洲地区食源性寄生虫人畜共患病的流行病学数据并不完整。多项研究表明，弓形虫病在非洲频繁发生，但这些国家的流行病学模式远未完善。已采用不同方法进行了血清学调查，结果并不总是具有可比性。饮食习惯、家养和/或共生猫科动物的有无以及环境特征（潮湿或干燥地区）似乎会影响人类感染率，范围从15%到60%以上。关于人体肉孢子虫感染的报告很少，而其在家养和野生动物中的存在已有充分证据。牛的囊尾蚴病感染在非洲广泛存在，根据养殖和人类习惯，感染率在2%至50%之间。在地中海地区的欧洲国家，感染率低于2%。猪的囊尾蚴病感染在地中海地区几乎消失，而在一些非洲国家仍然存在。人体肺吸虫病存在于西非，感染率在2%至31%之间。人体异形吸虫病存在于埃及、突尼斯和中东地区。野生动物旋毛虫病在地中海地区（旋毛虫3型）和非洲地区（纳氏旋毛虫、旋毛虫T8）广泛存在。家养动物旋毛虫病（旋毛形线虫）存在于西班牙、法国、南斯拉夫、埃及、冈比亚和尼日利亚的家养和/或野生动物中。在非洲，人体旋毛虫病很少见，主要是由于宗教和饮食习惯。到目前为止，非洲针对食源性寄生虫人畜共患病的控制项目非常少。
