Wingfield Arthur, Tun Patricia A
Department of Psychology and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, USA.
J Am Acad Audiol. 2007 Jul-Aug;18(7):548-58. doi: 10.3766/jaaa.18.7.3.
Although comprehension of spoken language is ordinarily conducted without apparent effort, it is among the most complex of human activities. We illustrate this complexity by outlining the operations involved at the perceptual, attentional, and linguistic levels necessary for successful comprehension of speech in sentences and discourse. We describe how challenges to speech comprehension imposed by hearing loss and cognitive limitations in the capacity of attentional and working memory resources can be counterbalanced to a significant degree by utilization of linguistic knowledge and contextual support, including the use of naturally-occurring speech prosody. We conclude by considering factors that may affect one's willingness to expend the attentional effort that may be necessary for successful listening behavior and comprehension performance.
虽然对口语的理解通常在没有明显努力的情况下进行，但它却是人类最复杂的活动之一。我们通过概述句子和语篇中成功理解言语所需的感知、注意力和语言层面的操作来阐释这种复杂性。我们描述了听力损失以及注意力和工作记忆资源能力方面的认知限制对言语理解造成的挑战如何能在很大程度上通过利用语言知识和语境支持（包括使用自然发生的语音韵律）来得到平衡。我们最后考虑了可能影响一个人愿意付出成功听力行为和理解表现所需注意力努力的因素。
