Burke Michael A, Mutharasan R Kannan, Ardehali Hossein
Division of Cardiology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill, USA.
Circ Res. 2008 Feb 1;102(2):164-76. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.165324.
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins are highly conserved and widely expressed throughout nature and found in all organisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic. They mediate myriad critical cellular processes, from nutrient import to toxin efflux using the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis. Most ABC proteins mediate transport of substances across lipid membranes. However, there are atypical ABC proteins that mediate other processes. These include, but are not limited to, DNA repair (bacterial MutS), ion transport (cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor), and mRNA trafficking (yeast Elf1p). The sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) is another atypical ABC protein that regulates activity of the potassium ATP channel (K(ATP)). K(ATP) is widely expressed in nearly all tissues of higher organisms and couples cellular energy status to membrane potential. K(ATP) is particularly important in the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells and in regulating action potential duration in muscle cells. SUR is indispensable for normal channel function, and mutations in genes encoding SURs increase the susceptibility to diabetes, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Here, we review the structure and function of ABC proteins and discuss SUR, its regulation of the K(ATP) channel, and its role in cardiovascular disease.
ATP结合盒（ABC）蛋白高度保守，在自然界广泛表达，存在于所有生物中，包括原核生物和真核生物。它们介导无数关键的细胞过程，从营养物质摄取到利用ATP水解产生的能量进行毒素外排。大多数ABC蛋白介导物质跨脂质膜的转运。然而，存在介导其他过程的非典型ABC蛋白。这些过程包括但不限于DNA修复（细菌MutS）、离子转运（囊性纤维化跨膜受体）和mRNA运输（酵母Elf1p）。磺脲类受体（SUR）是另一种调节ATP敏感性钾通道（K(ATP)）活性的非典型ABC蛋白。K(ATP)在高等生物的几乎所有组织中广泛表达，并将细胞能量状态与膜电位联系起来。K(ATP)在调节胰腺β细胞胰岛素分泌和调节肌肉细胞动作电位持续时间方面尤为重要。SUR对于正常通道功能不可或缺，编码SUR的基因突变会增加患糖尿病、心肌梗死和心力衰竭的易感性。在这里，我们综述ABC蛋白的结构和功能，并讨论SUR、其对K(ATP)通道的调节及其在心血管疾病中的作用。
