Rosendahl Søren
Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2D, DK 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
New Phytol. 2008;178(2):253-266. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02378.x. Epub 2008 Feb 1.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the phylum Glomeromycota are found globally in most vegetation types, where they form a mutualistic symbiosis with plant roots. Despite their wide distribution, only relatively few species are described. The taxonomy is based on morphological characters of the asexual resting spores, but molecular approaches to community ecology have revealed a considerable unknown diversity from colonized roots. Although the lack of genetic recombination is not unique in the fungal kingdom, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are probably ancient asexuals. The long asexual evolution of the fungi has resulted in considerable genetic diversity within morphologically recognizable species, and challenges our concepts of individuals and populations. This review critically examines the concepts of species, communities, populations and individuals of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
球囊菌门的丛枝菌根真菌在全球大多数植被类型中均有发现，它们与植物根系形成互利共生关系。尽管分布广泛，但被描述的物种相对较少。分类学基于无性休眠孢子的形态特征，但群落生态学的分子方法揭示了来自被侵染根系的大量未知多样性。虽然缺乏基因重组在真菌界并非独一无二，但丛枝菌根真菌可能是古老的无性生物。真菌的长期无性进化导致在形态上可识别的物种内存在相当大的遗传多样性，并挑战了我们对个体和种群的概念。本综述批判性地审视了丛枝菌根真菌的物种、群落、种群和个体的概念。
