北高加索地区（一个温带生物多样性热点地区）不同生态系统中丛枝菌根真菌的多样性
Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Distinct Ecosystems of the North Caucasus, a Temperate Biodiversity Hotspot.
作者信息
Yurkov Andrey P, Kryukov Alexey A, Gorbunova Anastasiia O, Kudriashova Tatyana R, Kovalchuk Anastasia I, Gorenkova Anastasia I, Bogdanova Ekaterina M, Laktionov Yuri V, Zhurbenko Peter M, Mikhaylova Yulia V, Puzanskiy Roman K, Bagrova Tatyana N, Yakhin Oleg I, Rodionov Alexander V, Shishova Maria F
机构信息
Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Graduate School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
出版信息
J Fungi (Basel). 2023 Dec 24;10(1):11. doi: 10.3390/jof10010011.
BACKGROUND
Investigations that are focused on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) biodiversity is still limited. The analysis of the AMF taxa in the North Caucasus, a temperate biodiversity hotspot, used to be limited to the genus level. This study aimed to define the AMF biodiversity at the species level in the North Caucasus biotopes.
METHODS
The molecular genetic identification of fungi was carried out with ITS1 and ITS2 regions as barcodes via sequencing using Illumina MiSeq, the analysis of phylogenetic trees for individual genera, and searches for operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with identification at the species level. Sequences from MaarjAM and NCBI GenBank were used as references.
RESULTS
We analyzed >10 million reads in soil samples for three biotopes to estimate fungal biodiversity. Briefly, 50 AMF species belonging to 20 genera were registered. The total number of the AM fungus OTUs for the "Subalpine Meadow" biotope was 171/131, that for "Forest" was 117/60, and that for "River Valley" was 296/221 based on ITS1/ITS2 data. The total number of the AM fungus species (except for virtual taxa) for the "Subalpine Meadow" biotope was 24/19, that for "Forest" was 22/13, and that for "River Valley" was 28/24 based on ITS1/ITS2 data. Greater AMF diversity, as well as number of OTUs and species, in comparison with that of forest biotopes, characterized valley biotopes (disturbed ecosystems; grasslands). The correlation coefficient between "Percentage of annual plants" and "Glomeromycota total reads" r = 0.76 and 0.81 for ITS1 and ITS2, respectively, and the correlation coefficient between "Percentage of annual plants" and "OTUs number (for total species)" was r = 0.67 and 0.77 for ITS1 and ITS2, respectively.
CONCLUSION
High AMF biodiversity for the river valley can be associated with a higher percentage of annual plants in these biotopes and the active development of restorative successional processes.
背景
针对丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）生物多样性的研究仍然有限。对北高加索地区（一个温带生物多样性热点地区）的AMF分类群的分析过去仅限于属级水平。本研究旨在确定北高加索地区生物群落中AMF在物种水平上的生物多样性。
方法
以ITS1和ITS2区域作为条形码，通过Illumina MiSeq测序对真菌进行分子遗传鉴定，分析各个属的系统发育树，并搜索物种水平鉴定的操作分类单元（OTU）。来自MaarjAM和NCBI GenBank的序列用作参考。
结果
我们分析了三种生物群落土壤样本中的超过1000万条读数，以估计真菌生物多样性。简而言之，共记录了属于20个属的50种AMF物种。基于ITS1/ITS2数据，“亚高山草甸”生物群落的AM真菌OTU总数为171/131，“森林”生物群落为117/60，“河谷”生物群落为296/221。基于ITS1/ITS2数据，“亚高山草甸”生物群落的AM真菌物种总数（虚拟分类群除外）为24/19，“森林”生物群落为22/13，“河谷”生物群落为28/24。与森林生物群落相比，河谷生物群落（受干扰的生态系统；草原）具有更高的AMF多样性以及OTU和物种数量。“一年生植物百分比”与“球囊菌门总读数”之间的相关系数，ITS1和ITS2分别为r = 0.76和0.81，“一年生植物百分比”与“OTU数量（总物种）”之间的相关系数，ITS1和ITS2分别为r = 0.67和0.77。
结论
河谷地区较高的AMF生物多样性可能与这些生物群落中较高比例的一年生植物以及恢复演替过程的积极发展有关。
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