Dunham Rex A
Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, Auburn University, Alabama 36849, USA.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009 Mar;32(2):139-61. doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2007.11.006. Epub 2008 Feb 4.
Transgenic fish have been produced that have improved growth, disease resistance, survival in cold and body composition, have altered color, that can act as bioindicators for estrogenic pollutants and that can produce pharmaceutical proteins. The largest amount of transgenic research has focused on growth hormone transfer. A relatively small amount of research has focused on enhancing disease resistance, but significant enhancement has been accomplished. Pleiotropic effects from the transfer of other transgenes, particularly growth hormone gene can alter disease resistance in both positive and negative ways. Most negative effects for all transgenes appear to lower fitness traits, which is positive for biological containment. Transgenic fish appear to pose little environmental risk, but this research is not fully conclusive. To expedite commercialization and minimize environmental risk, transgenic sterilization research is underway. A large amount of functional genomics research has resulted in a much better understanding of gene expression when fish are experiencing disease epizootics. This information may allow the future design of more effective transgenic approaches to address disease resistance.
已培育出转基因鱼，它们具有生长加快、抗病能力增强、耐低温能力提高、身体组成改善、颜色改变、可作为雌激素污染物生物指示物以及能生产药用蛋白质等特性。大量的转基因研究集中在生长激素转移方面。相对少量的研究集中在增强抗病能力上，但已取得显著成效。其他转基因（特别是生长激素基因）转移产生的多效性效应可通过正负两种方式改变抗病能力。所有转基因产生的大多数负面影响似乎是降低适合度性状，这对于生物遏制来说是积极的。转基因鱼似乎对环境风险较小，但这项研究尚未完全得出定论。为加快商业化并将环境风险降至最低，正在进行转基因绝育研究。大量的功能基因组学研究使人们对鱼类在经历疾病流行时的基因表达有了更好的理解。这些信息可能有助于未来设计出更有效的转基因方法来解决抗病问题。
